The Effects of Global Warming :: Global Warming Climate Change

The Effects of Global Warming What is global warming, and how is it affecting the Earth and its inhabitants? Global warming is sometimes referred to as the babys room effect. The greenho phthisis effect is the absorption of aptitude radiated from the Earths surface by carbon dioxide and otherwise gases in the atmosphere, causing the atmosphere to become warmer. The greenhouse effect is what is causing the temperature on the Earth to rise, and creating many problems that leave behind begin to occur in the coming decades. For the last 10,000 years, the Earths climate has been extraordinarily beneficial to mankind. Humans have prospered tremendously substantially under a auspicious atmosphere, (Bates 28). Today, however, major changes are taking place. People are conducting an inadvertent global experiment by changing the face of the correct planet. We are destroying the ozone layer, which allows life to know on the Earths surface. All of these activities are unfavorably alterin g the composition of the biosphere and the Earths heat balance. If we do not slow down our use of fossil fuels and stop destroying, the forests, the earth could become hotter than it has been in the past million years. Average global temperatures have risen 1 degree Fahrenheit over the last century. If carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases continue to spill into the atmosphere, global temperatures could rise five to 10 degrees by the middle of the next century. The warning volition be the greatest at the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, with the largest temperature rises occurring in winter. Most areas go out experience summertime highs well above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. New temperature records pass on be set each(prenominal) year. As a possible prelude to global warming, the decade of the 1980s has had the six hottest years of the century (Erandson 18-22). Atmospheric disturbances brought on by the spare warming leave alone produce more violent storms and la rger death tolls. Some areas, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, will dry out(p) and a greater concomitant of lightning strikes will set massive forest fires. The charring of the Earth by natural and man-made forest fires will dump additional quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. stirs in temperature and rainwater brought on by global warming will in turn change the composition of the forests. At the present localise of destruction, most of the rain forests will be gone by the middle of the next century.The Effects of Global Warming Global Warming Climate ChangeThe Effects of Global Warming What is global warming, and how is it affecting the Earth and its inhabitants? Global warming is sometimes referred to as the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is the absorption of energy radiated from the Earths surface by carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere, causing the atmosphere to become warmer. The greenhouse effect is what is causing the temper ature on the Earth to rise, and creating many problems that will begin to occur in the coming decades. For the last 10,000 years, the Earths climate has been extraordinarily beneficial to mankind. Humans have prospered tremendously well under a benign atmosphere, (Bates 28). Today, however, major changes are taking place. People are conducting an inadvertent global experiment by changing the face of the entire planet. We are destroying the ozone layer, which allows life to exist on the Earths surface. All of these activities are unfavorably altering the composition of the biosphere and the Earths heat balance. If we do not slow down our use of fossil fuels and stop destroying, the forests, the world could become hotter than it has been in the past million years. Average global temperatures have risen 1 degree Fahrenheit over the last century. If carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases continue to spill into the atmosphere, global temperatures could rise five to 10 degrees by the m iddle of the next century. The warning will be the greatest at the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, with the largest temperature rises occurring in winter. Most areas will experience summertime highs well above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. New temperature records will be set each year. As a possible prelude to global warming, the decade of the 1980s has had the six hottest years of the century (Erandson 18-22). Atmospheric disturbances brought on by the additional warming will produce more violent storms and larger death tolls. Some areas, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, will dry out and a greater occurrence of lightning strikes will set massive forest fires. The charring of the Earth by natural and man-made forest fires will dump additional quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Changes in temperature and rainfall brought on by global warming will in turn change the composition of the forests. At the present rate of destruction, most of the rain forests w ill be gone by the middle of the next century.

LSD and PCP :: essays research papers

LSD and phencyclidine hydrochloride Use     Today there is increasing wont of two very powerful, and dangerousdrugs in the youth of this Nation. LSD is one of these drugs, thishallucinogen more commonly cognize as Acid and is one of the womb-to-tomb lasting highsthat are out there. LSD was first researched in 1953 when the CentralIntelligence Agency thought that the Soviets and Chinese would use LSD tobrainwash American diplomats. The Federal drug Enforcement Administration liststhis drug as a "schedule I" drug that means that it has high potential for abuse.During the "turn-on, tune-in, drop-out" time of the 60s LSD became the subjectfor social and political movements to freedom, creativity, self-discovery andopposition to the Vietnam War. Some freaked out during bad trips as LSD causedpanic and advansded mental illnesses. Most are curried with flashbacks that arerecurrences of hallucinations. Some sight thought they could fly, and jumpedto their deaths. The popularity of the rug in the 60s started research andlaws making its use illegal. LSD is the chemical term or lysergic acid diethylamide. National Institute on Drug Abuse surveys indicate illicit use of LSD hasremained relatively constant. Almost 2 percent of high school seniors arecurrent users and 8.7 percent do taken LSD at least once. Its not creatingthe problems it created in the 60s because the average street dose is al least50 percent lower.     Washington, D.C. is known as the PCP capital of the United Statesbecause there are more illicit PCP lads here than anywhere both water and fatsoluble. In new(prenominal) words, any way ap person gets it in his or her body, it willbe absorbed. PCP can be snorted or inhaled, put in a lozenge form and swallowed,sprayed on any thing and smoked. In Washington, dealers spray it on marijuanaand sell it to all the street junkies. People high on PCP either end upoverdosed, where they become kind of rob otic in their movements and behavior, orthey act really crazy. PCP patients show signs of visual hallucination, theyshow psychotic behavior. umteen crimes of violence have been done under the haveno an amnesia component. When people smoke PCP, the high comes on in two tofive minutes, peaks at about 20 minutes, and takes 24 to 48 hours to come backto what they call normal. Most users also smoke a combination of PCP and crackknown as bazooka. There are a lot of mixtures of there drugs in fact not many

The Outsiders Essay -- Essays Papers

The OutsidersThe title of the story is The Outsiders. S.E. Hinton wrote it. Dell Publishing published the book. The main characters include Ponyboy, Darry, Soadapop, Dally Winston, Johnny, Cherry, Two-Bit, and Marcia.This story is about a qat names Ponyboy who is a greaser, a member of a group of lower-class youths who wear their hair long and greasy, wear jeans and ripped-up T-shirt, and are at odds with the rich-kid bullies known as the Socs, shorter name for socials. One day, as Ponyboy is walking home from a movie, he is jumper and beaten by a gang of Socs. At the last minute, his gang of greasers (including his brothers Darry and Sodapop, who raised Ponyboy now that their parents are dead,) the hardened hood Dally Winston, innocent Johnny, and wise-cracking Two-Bit see whats going on and save him. The attached night, Ponyboy and Johnny go to a movie with Dally. There they tantalise behind some attractive Socs girls and dally hits on the obnoxiously. After Johnny tells him to stop, Johnny and Ponyboy sit with the girls, Cherry and Marcia, and Ponyboy and cherry discover to their mutual surprise that they have a great deal in common. Two-bit appears, and the three greasers walk the Socs girls back to Two-Bits mark so that he can drive them home. On the way, the run into Bob and randy, the girls drunken boyfriends, and the girls agree to leave with them in order to prevent a mesh between the Socs and the greasers.Ponyboy is very late getting him, and his bro...

How To Find A Writing Topic Problem-solution Essays :: essays research papers

How to Find A pen Topic Problem-Solution EssaysHave you ever received a problem-solution essay where you cannot think ofanything to write? Although many of the forty gazillion students in America gothrough this at one time or another, dont despair There are severalsystematic ways to note a opus topic. Some topics take no research at all.Lets hear at a few of them.First, the local theme may keep some interesting articles. The newspapercan be used as a utility to the writing process. Problems will presentthemselves in many newspaper articles. Articles will most likely contain manyfacts and quotations ab off a certain problem making the subject easilyresearchable in a soon time. People must be careful, though, when using thenewspaper. Many other people may use it as a source and you may find yourselfwriting about the same thing as someone else.Another solution might be to write in regard to your own past experiences that pitch involved problems and solutions. They may be proble ms you have had withyour parents or siblings. A problem could be that you cannot decide onsomething and have to make a tough decision. Writing about a decision that youmade about clothes will suffice. But in the view of someone else, the problemmay seem insignificant. both(prenominal) previous solutions may in some cases fail. If so, writing about notknowing what to write and how to solve that may lead to the best alternative.It may look as if the assignment was quickly jotted down due to the fact thatthere is no research to do, but if it is well written it can turn out to be avery good essay. When specific information is needed there are many things thatcould be doctored to suit the needs of the article.

Citizen Kane Essays -- essays research papers

The film Citizen Kane, directed by Orson Welles, is a great example of how a man can be corrupted by wealthiness. Through the characters in the film we can observe how Charles Foster Kane, an idealistic man with principles, can be changed and misguided by wealth and what accompanies wealth. The film takes places during the late 19th century and early 20th century, a time in American history when the humanness is changing and wealth is a great power to change it with. Through the story telling of Kanes life we are able to see how wealth changes, not only Kanes ideals, but his actions and how he perceives the world.The corruption of idealism by wealth can be seen throughout the film, especially through the thoughts and actions of Kane and the some other characters. For example, when Kane publishes his first newspaper for the Inquirer he prints his Declaration of Principles. Jebediah Leland remarks at that time that he would like to keep it because he feels that it will be an import ant account one day. As Kane becomes more wealthy and more corrupt by his wealth, Leeland returns the document and we see that Kane understands that he is no longer the same man he was before or the man he set out to become. From this we also see that Leeland and the other characters in the film have come to the same conclusion. Furthermore, in the film, Kane states more than once, that people will think or do whatever he wishes them. Kane, with his wealth, tries to create his i...

The Color Purple By Alice Walker :: essays research papers

The comment Purple by Alice footerThe Color Purple, by Alice baby buggy, is a very main(prenominal) book to read. Byintense, I symbolize it is a book touching very difficult and hard aspects of life ofa poor, dumb oppressed cleaning lady in the early twentieth century. Walker doessocial criticism in her impudent, mostly criticizing the way black women weretreated in the early twentieth century. Walker uses the life experiences ofCelie to illustrate her social criticism.The Color Purple is not written in the style of most novels. The authordoes not tell us everything intimately the characters, the setting, and why thecharacters be give birth the way they do. The novel is written in a series of earn,not dated. There are large gaps between some letters, however this is not revealedby the author we have to figure it out ourselves. The letters are written inwhat Walker calls black folk language, which also reduces the readiness of thereading.When the novel opens, Celie is a you ng black girl living in Georgia inthe early years of the twentieth century. She in an uneducated girl, and writesher letters in common language. Celie is entering her adolescence believe shewas raped by her father and that he killed both of their children. She writesto God, because she has no one else to write to. She gets that what happenedto her is so terrible that she disregard only talk about it to psyche she feels lovesher. She knows her sister Nettie loves her, however she is too young to understand.Celie believe only to God may she talk honestly and openly about her suffering.Celie is not, however, at this point, complaining to God, she is butconfiding in him.Celie was born into a poor family her mother was sick most of the time,mentally and physically in that respect were too many children in the family and Celiewas ill-use by the man she believed was her father. Celie feels used and abused,but does not understand why. So many bad things have happened to Celie that sh elacks self esteem and confidence. Celie does not even feel she is worth enoughto sign her name at the end of the letters.Slowly, Celie evolves into a mature woman with great confidence, but notbefore her sister Nettie is interpreted away from her, and she marries a cruel man whoreally wanted to marry Nettie. For a long time, Celie is almost a slave to herhusband, until her husbands mistress comes to live with them to cure fromThe Color Purple By Alice Walker essays research papers The Color Purple by Alice WalkerThe Color Purple, by Alice Walker, is a very intense book to read. Byintense, I mean it is a book touching very difficult and hard aspects of life ofa poor, black oppressed woman in the early twentieth century. Walker doessocial criticism in her novel, mostly criticizing the way black women weretreated in the early twentieth century. Walker uses the life experiences ofCelie to illustrate her social criticism.The Color Purple is not written in the style of most novels. The authordoes not tell us everything about the characters, the setting, and why thecharacters behave the way they do. The novel is written in a series of letters,not dated. There are large gaps between some letters, but this is not revealedby the author we have to figure it out ourselves. The letters are written inwhat Walker calls black folk language, which also reduces the easiness of thereading.When the novel opens, Celie is a young black girl living in Georgia inthe early years of the twentieth century. She in an uneducated girl, and writesher letters in common language. Celie is entering her adolescence believing shewas raped by her father and that he killed both of their children. She writesto God, because she has no one else to write to. She feels that what happenedto her is so terrible that she can only talk about it to someone she feels lovesher. She knows her sister Nettie loves her, but she is too young to understand.Celie believe only to God may she talk honestly and op enly about her suffering.Celie is not, however, at this point, complaining to God, she is simplyconfiding in him.Celie was born into a poor family her mother was sick most of the time,mentally and physically there were too many children in the family and Celiewas abused by the man she believed was her father. Celie feels used and abused,but does not understand why. So many bad things have happened to Celie that shelacks self esteem and confidence. Celie does not even feel she is worth enoughto sign her name at the end of the letters.Slowly, Celie evolves into a mature woman with great confidence, but notbefore her sister Nettie is taken away from her, and she marries a cruel man whoreally wanted to marry Nettie. For a long time, Celie is almost a slave to herhusband, until her husbands mistress comes to live with them to recuperate from

Model of cultures Essay

Organizational culture and national culture The case of multinational companies ZARA (outline) Defining concepts What Is organizational culture? A system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. (Organizational Behavior, p. 546) Do organizations live uniform cultures? (Ibid, p. 548) Dominant culture and subculture How the culture ofa country influences the culture ofa business?Geert Hofstede identifies four cultural dimensions that can have a profound impact on the business nvironment Individual train individualism/collectivism Organizational level power distance Occupational level uncertainty avoidance Gender level masculinity/femininity (Hofstede, Geert, Cultures and Organizations Software ot the Mind, 3rd ed, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2010, p. 25).Organizational culture communication media and social sharing Norms guinea pig culture Values social Behaviour The individual values of a country predict organizational culture and consumer behaviour (Hofstede) National culture cannot needfully be used to predict rganizational culture and consumer behaviour The case of multinational company ZARA Found by Inditex ZARA present in 86 countries, a lucre of 1,770 stores (Inditex, http//www. nditex. com/en/who_we_are/concepts/zara) High standards company culture is highly decentralized and flexible High standards company culture is highly decentralized and flexible Workers organized in teams positive results Competitions among teams continuous feedback ( ZARA culture, httpmashlonworldwlde. wlklspaces. com/Culture) Innovation and flexlblllty 200 persons In design team 82,8% of workers are women Satisfy customers needs from dfferent cultures and backgrounds Store managers report the demands of customers and the sales trends to the headquarters on a daily basis Awareness of corporate responsibility Social dimension. environmental dimension. product health and safety Marketing Zara decided to move towards a geoce ntric orientation, allowing the company to adopt in some cases local solutions rather than merely replicate the OF2 nome mar et.K Lara sells a largely nomogeneous product Tor a glooal market (Havlan and Polo, 2000). Moreover, there are some adjustments in its marketing mix because of the customers size differences in Asian countries (Monllor, 2001), laws issued that require the availability of clothing for youth in all sizes in Buenos Aires (La Opinion de La Coruna, 2006), cultural differences in Arab countries where some clothes cannot be sold, and a different season in the other part of the world (Euromonitor, 2002a).

Evaluate the External Corporate Communications

P4 Evaluate the outside(a) corporate communications of an existing product or service. Task 4 Evaluate the external corporate communications of an existing product or service. External business communication is the exchange of information and messages between an organization and its external customers outside its orb structure. One way McDonalds communicates to its external customers is their website. There are many various methods personad by the companys website and these are the use of images, the use of fonts, Packaging and the page layout.The use of images green goddess enhance a communication to an audience, as we tend to remember more of what we see than what we hear, therefore showing images is a better way of communicated the message to the public, and also helps the audience remember the message. The best ways to communicate through images are to Ensure the images are relevant to what is universe sold or presented, sham sure the influence are Co-ordinated, prevent them from being too distracting.These ways go forth make sure your images gain impact, which will make sure most of your audience will give attention, illustrate the point being made loud and clear, explain something more clearly and make a point very strongly. Fonts are a design for a set of characters. A font is the combination of typeface and other qualities, such as size, pitch, and spacing. For example, Times Roman is a typeface that defines the shape of each character. Within Times Roman, however, there are many fonts to choose from different sizes, italic, bold, and so on.Packaging target be described as the enclosing or protecting of products for distribution, storage, sale and use. Packaging and package labelling have different objectives. Even though they have a role in the physical protection of the product, they also have information with regard to disposal and storage of the packaging. From a corporate communication point of view, businesses potentiometer use packagi ng to encourage potential buyers to purchase the product.Packaging graphic design and physical design have been extremely in-chief(postnominal) are constantly evolving slackly for several decades. Marketing communications and graphic designs are applied to the surface of the package and the point of sale display. A logo is a visual symbolisation of an organisation, this could vary from the signatures of the Coca-Cola and Cadburys to the pure creation of the golden arches (The yellow M that symbolises McDonalds. his is a communication tool that is a basic need to building a brand and communicating with the target audience. Logos are a necessary part of a companys image and the key to their marketing achievement As seen on their home screen from the picture above, the company provides an image of one of their promotional products The BCO. McDonalds also shows images of the three major ingredients of this product and can arguable be its major selling point.The images in this websit e are big bright and colourful, which will instantly grab the audiences attention, another important factor of grabbing attention is the colour of the background, which is red, this colour is known as a passionate and an attention grabbing colour, because of this it gets an instant focus from any individual thats skilful passing through the website however since the red background fades into an orange-like colour behind the BCO, it can give a sizzling hot sensation, which implies that this product is sold hot.The Largest school text is the BCO which is colour coordinated in order to help the audience see the individual meaning of each letter which is Bacon, Chicken and Onion. Also with the colours being red orange and yellow. With red being a very emotionally intense colour. It enhances human metabolism, increases respiration rate, and raises blood pressure, orange representing enthusiasm, fascination, happiness, creativity, determination, attraction, success, encouragement, and s timulation, and yellow producing a warming effect that arouses cheerfulness, stimulates mental activity, and generates muscle energy.This shows a lessening from the powerful colour Red to the warm and cool colour Yellow, therefore this shows the different flavours of the burger presented next to the BCO. The famous Golden Arches in McDonalds logo represent style, significance and a strong corporate identity. Two prominent shades, golden and red, are used in the McDonalds logo to represent its bold nature. Golden hue is employed to colour the two arches, now merged to form M in the McDonalds logo. Nonetheless, the red colour is utilized to fill the background of the distinguished McDonalds logo.Boldness, power and strong corporate image are rattling reflected by the use of these two confident colours. In spite of the M on McDonalds logo, the insignia also grips the name of the food chain. McDonalds has been imprinted in a thoroughly simple font which defines the bold picture of the firm. The simpler the font of the logo, the more radiant it becomes for the spectator. 1 . http//www. ehow. com/ 2 . http//www. webopedia. com/TERM/F/font. html 3 . http//www. famouslogos. org/mcdonalds-logo

Culture Collision Essay

Culture collisions has been both positive negative to those involved such as capital of Ohio and his run in with the Natives Americans, french revolution and the Haitian hard workers, and African Imperialism. In any culture, subculture, or family in which belief is valued above thought, and self-surrender is valued above self-expression, and conformity is valued above integrity, those who preserve their self-esteem are the likes ofly to be heroic exception. In the culture collisions I learned around most was trying to change others culture and views on life in this eassy I will give more backgrand on the positive and negatives of the collisions of refreshful worlds like Columbus and the new American, Haitia revolution, and Africans new way of life.I start my culture collision with a young sailer by the name of Christopher Columbus and his run in with the Native Americans. Columbus sailed for Spain further was from Itialy. Columbus search was for spices. He thought by sailing we st across the Atlantic it would bring a post to Eastern Asia. His plans made sense, but capital of Ohio greatly underestimated earths size, and had no idea that two continents lay in his path. Once columbus got to the new world he call the natives, Indiains thinking he was in Asia. As soon as I arrived in the Indies, on the first Island which I found, I took some of the natives by force in order that they might learn and might give me information of whatever thither is in these parts.(-christopher columbus 1492). After finding out that these slew was not what they seem, Columbus and the Natives American made a treaty.The natives were not bad(predicate) neighbood they tought Columbus how there lands works, and ways to serve the land. Columbus used this new found world to bring European, Americans, and African cultures together. Not only did he collied the culture he brought foods and animals. Even though the collision had good turn out there was a spate fall of this collision wit h Columbus inhumain way of treating the Natives Americans. In two years, through murder, mutilation, or suicide, half of the 250,000 Indians on Haiti were dead.(-Zinn,). Columbus killed many of the Natives Americans after friending them. After they though him what he needed to know they was not use to him. Even though Columbus collied, the world at what cost was that to all the lifes he took.The next culture collisions was the revolution of Haiti and French,starting with sleep against a free slave named Toussaint LOuverture. Haiti had heared to depth Thinkers talk of equal rights and thought that they should be intitled to the rights also. Napoleon started out as an Italian general and ended up being one of the greatest historical figures. First, Directors requested Napoleons support while organizing a coup detat. Then, Bonaparte fought Britain in order to benefit France. Lastly, he was called to help creating a new constitution and ended up as the First Consul of France. At home , he ruled using flattery, but also he strongly resisted the opposition. Napoleon is a pro-revolutionist because he denied all the privileges of the aristocracy, created a new constitution, and also established the Napoleonic Code.(-Brainard, 1998-2008)Neapoleon was one of the greatest generals who ever lived.But at the end of the eighteenth century a self-educated slave with no military training drove napoleon out of Haiti and led his country to indepenence. The remarkable leader of this slave revolt was Toussaint Breda (later called toussaint louverture, and sometimes the black napoleon). Slave revolts from this time normally ended in executions and failure, this time was different.(-Brainard,1998-2008). Toussaint become the leader of the slaves rebellion. He successfully fought the French who were helped by succumbing to yellow fever in large numbers as well as invading Spanish and British( who treasured to take down napoleon for the beheading of the king and queen).After the Fr ench Revolution was in the hands of Jacobins, who leaded the Reign of Terror. So Napoleon and LOuverture agree to toll of peace by giving them there indepenence. A few months later louverture was invited to come to a negotiating meeting will full safe conduct. When he got there napoleon betrayed the safe conduct and arrested him, putting him on a ship. Napoleon ordered that louverture be placed in a prison dungeon in the mountains, and murdered by means of cold, starvation, and neglect. Louverture died in prison,(-Brainard, 1998-2008)but others carried on his fight and six months later napoleon gave up his fight. This collisions allowed the indepenence of haiti.In africa, Europeons wanted the copper,ivory, gold, and diamonds the africans held in there mines. Africans used slavery as a part of their everyday life. When the Europeans arrived overseas in Africa they wereintrigued by this idea of slavery. They felt that the African people were used to the hot weather and long and har d working days. They thought of the blacks as inferior as well. They needed people to do their labor in the New World and were sent over in the African Slave Trade (Corretti,1500-1800). Slavery had a different meaning in the New World than it did in Europe. People were considered chattel in the New World. This means that one human was the property of another human.The Europeans needed to find people to keep up with the labor on the plantations in the new world (Corretti, 1500-1800).Europeons capitalists carved up the continents in order to ensure their wealth. Many english, french, and germans travelled to venture africans chistian. Europeons inslaved these africans and spilt families apart. Africans resistance to the imperialism. Shaka Zulu led the Zulu people againist the Boers and Brithish. Brilliantly fought off troops for 30 years. In the end Britin control Southen Africa.Yaa Asantewaa led the Asante Kingdom against the British in west Africa. Last battle in series of 100 yea rs of war between Asante and England. Menelik the second led Ethiopia against Europeon colonists. Hired Europeons to teach them how to read and use Europeons weapons. In 1896, Ethiopia smashed the Italians Ethiopia was never colonized.(-malone,2012) Beside ethiopia, the African Imperialism was a negitive culture collision it had no effects on the world in my eyes just the europeon mading others do there durty work.In conclusion, culture collisions privde to be both positive and negitive. Not one collisions had one with out the other, Columbus didnt decover a New World but brought others together. But then again in his process of doing so he mistreated kind people and almost whiped out the native race. With the Haitian and French Revolution Napoleon ketp the haitain in slaved when he came to power. In the African Imperialism they inslave most of africa because of there industalition and need hard workers for little to no pay after the claw labor laws. Well without any of these colli sions we wouldnt be living in the kind of world we do now.

Swaziland

Swaziland Death tolls in Swaziland continue to rise while mounting pressure of the economy and neglect of control brings Swaziland to the brink of disaster. environ between South Africa and Mozambique, Swaziland is a tiny country that contains 1. 2 million citizens. This country was promised independence by the British in the late 19th century. It was thusly granted to Swaziland in 1968. The current leader of Swaziland is King Mwsati III and the Deputy Prime Minister is Themba Masuka. While balancing a monarchy goernment and a halting economy, King Mwsati is trying everything in his power to get Swaziland back on track.The death toll of human immunodeficiency computer virus/AIDS is getting worse because of the lack of property the political relation funds to help prevent this deadly disease. Due to the consistent low Gross Domestic Product Swaziland receives separately year, the government struggles to provide gold which could help the country by offering education, treatment , and medicine. HIV/AIDS has taken over almost the entire country of Swazilands 1. 2 million citizens. Swazilands biggest problem continues to be the extremely high death toll due to a disease known as HIV/AIDS. According to Avert. om, HIV is a virus that can only infect gracious beings. This virus weakens your immune dodge by destroying important cells that fight diseases and continues to reproduce throughout the entire human body, if it goes untreated. AIDS is the final stage of the HIV infection. You retain the disease when your immune system is not field of studying properly, or in other words, when your immune system becomes deficient. This disease can spread dramatically through contact with an affected persons body fluids from sharing hypodermic needles associated with drugs.Currently in Swaziland, somewhat three in every one hundred people are infected with HIV and about seven thousand people die each year. More than seventy thousand children have been orphaned througho ut the country because they have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. The Swaziland government is trying everything in their power to limit this virus, exactly they cannot fulfill their plans due to stubborn people or lack of money the country inherits. As the current economic conditions worsen, the ability to assist those with HIV/ help becomes difficult due to the lack of food and water supply.People have resorted to eating cow dung for nourishment as they need to have food when they take their medicine. With water being limited, due to the constant droughts they have turned towards drinking the urine of animals. This has made it even more difficult for the government to assist. Swaziland is a small land struggling for growth in their economy. Currently, Swazilands GDP has only increased by 0. 3% in the past year. Compared to other countries, Swaziland is ranked 191 out of 216 countries in the GDP growth rate. Swaziland has had numerous road blocks that have affected them leading up t o a poor economy.This includes droughts, low agricultural activity, and the devastating effects of HIV/AIDS that have contri hardlyed to the many factors of struggling country. The increased spending for transfers, wages, and subsidies has not helped the economy but has led to budget deficits. Another economic problem for Swaziland is the lack of exports the country provides for other countries. According to Wikipedia. com, The Swazi economy is very closely linked to the South African economy, from which it receives over 90% of its imports and to which it sends about 70% of its exports.Because Swaziland is stymie from the ocean, not many countries commerce with Swaziland but trade with South Africa. Countries around the world believe Swazilands trading goods are not the best due to the disease of HIV/AIDs that has taken almost the whole population. Since Swazilands economy is slowly sinking or as stated by the multiplication of Swaziland, an Economic Crisis, the government will co ntinue to struggle and provide the funding needed to prevent the major effect of HIV/AIDS that has taken over the country.Even though Swaziland has major economic and medical issues to address, the government still has a chance to turn it around if they can educate and assist the Swazis on what of necessity to be done. All Swazis agree that budget cuts are needed due to the financial crisis they are in, but they cannot agree on what should be done. Limiting the virus of HIV/AIDS could help the economy tremendously because less people will die each year causing more people to work and redistributing funds for other means. Families are breaking down and the percentage of orphans is increasing.The extended family support is declining with no one to look after the orphans or other family members, but if more treatment is available more healthy Swazis can be productive. By more people being able to work creates more goods to trade which can increase the GDP. If the economy recovers, many budget cuts will be eliminated and more funding toward HIV/AIDS will be spent. If the Swazis listen to the government and buy into a well-defined economic plan, I believe the country will slowly start to change and be on the road to recovery.

Student from Myanmar

When I was a grade 10 transferee student from Myanmar to Philippines in 2008, I saw how different our instruction system and the atmosphere of learning from other inelegant. My experiences during these high school years in the Philippines inspired me to become an educator in Myanmar.My first step in preparing for my goal to become an effective educator was when I enrolled Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English at University of the Cordilleras in Baguio City, Philippines in 2011. I understood that teaching course would equip me with the necessary knowledge and skills to be an effective teacher and leader.I took advantage of all the lessons taught in the classes, I was analyze my best in understanding the lessons from my lecturers, professors and classmates knowing that I would return to my mother land, share and apply what goods I have learned in abroad. When, I have my bachelor degree in 2015, I came back to my country and started causeing as a full time English teach er in Yangon, Myanmar.As a teacher my passion is to instill and encourage an inquiring mind to my students. Teaching allows me to work on hearts and minds, to guide people in become empowered, creative, liberated human beings who are interested to make a better place for all of us.Secondly, for about three years of teaching, my passion for education purify in Myanmar grow, I have realized that investment must be made in creating education that meets the need of building peace in the country especially with ethnic minority groups, the needs of Myanmars growing economy and industry growth. It is also vital to enrich the countrys academic offerings as I believe education is the ultimate to development of a country and the growth of its people mind.This teaching journey have led me to dream a bigger part of reposition agent, a desire to improve the education system in my country Myanmar, provide individuals free and quality education, inspire students to strive with the proper(a) mi ndset and creativity, because with the right mindset, its possible to make all developments from private sectors to public administrations in the country and its citizens potential. The more I realized it the more I am encouraged to occupy Master Degree in Education.So that I can work for educational reform, and with ample experience I lead be able to work with ministry of education in Myanmar, AND VARIOUS NGOs which focus on the improvement of education system, I hope that students are aware of information regarding their chances of becoming their dream person, by running campaigns to inform students about scholarship programs all more or less the world, giving them guide how to achieve the scholarship, even work for students to achieve their dreams.Eventually I will like launch my own organization that focus on quality education as a whole particularly training teachers all around the country, who would reach out to their individual places and educate children, who are the hope and backbone of our countrys development. It is important that students are given many choices and opportunities to complete their bachelor degree without having to compete so much with their financial crisis and geographical dispersal.

Prevention of Terrorist Acts by Private Security Essay

IntroductionThe topical anaesthetic public rightfulness enforcement agencies argon aw atomic number 18 and have accepted the fact that singly, they cannot cover the vast geographical area of their individual jurisdictions and enforce effective policing duties. They are limited in occurs, expertise and imaginativenesss. For this reason, they have employed the function of the private sphere of influence specifically the members of the communities and forged with them agreements for aid and collaboration in disgust fighting and public disorder.In fact, the 1990s marked the emergence of a refreshing mode of deli precise of services in the public area rightfulness enforcement area. This mode of service delivery gave law enforcement an opportunity to employ resources and expertise which were not otherwise available to them before under the collaborative partnership and shared responsibilities with the private heavens and communities (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). Even the g overnment has recognized the sizeableness of assistance from the private sector. Thus, this growing recognition was no longer limited locally but has spread across the states and the federal government.With financial support from the U.S. Department of Justice, business office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), the Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), National Sheriffs Association, and American Society for Industrial Security International joined efforts for the state and local to start a partnership with the private sector, specifically the private hostage organizations denominated as operating theater Cooperation (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). This partnership however, was limited to abomination fighting and public disorder. A growing success was noted in these partnerships and continued efforts are exerted to thresh out some identified problem areas.The September 11 terrorist attacks brought a impudently awareness and rekindled the imperative need f or local law enforcement and private hostage organizations to work together to fill the gap for homeland auspices measures system and in preventing terrorist act (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). By reason of the success rate in the partnership between the private sector and the law enforcement in terms of peace and order, private sector was again requested to pitch in its efforts to help in combating terrorist attacks. After the summit in 2004, private security measure organizations were called upon to organize and develop as company riposteparts in assi stinging law enforcement agencies.The U.S. Department of Justice holds the opinion that confederacy policing has the same direct effect on counter act of terrorism strategies. These include the use of crime mapping with GIS systems, data collection and analysis protocols, and technologies that whitethorn be used as platforms for gathering intelligence to assess terrorism vulnerability. In addition, the community partnershi ps create by police in the course of community-oriented problem solving provide a ready framework for engaging citizens in helping police to chance upon possible threats and implement preparedness plans (Docobo, 2005). company policing affords the opportunity for law enforcement agents to have knowledge of activities in their respective territorial jurisdictions which can assist in counteracting terrorist activities. These crime prevention partnerships has proven effective through the years and for which reason, this has inspired a similar idea with respect to terrorism especially after the September 11 terrorist attack. Thus, public law enforcement-private security partnerships are now thought of as being replicated as to apply to homeland security and counter terrorism.For instance in smart York, Area Police/ occult Security Liaison was created to enhance mutual cooperation between law enforcement and private security primarily for exchange of nurture. This gives the New York Police Department a vast ne 2rk and thus facilitating learning reports on security updates and terrorists news bulletin (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005).Terrorism in the United States is characterized by inflicting harm and damage to a great number of people all at once. For this reason it is crucial to forge partnerships and mutual collaboration with private security organizations to be able to cover that large territory. The sylvans infrastructure is protected by private security organizations while the law enforcement agencies receive discipline regarding threats thus either one cannot protect alone (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). Infrastructure as defined by the 9/11 Commission as to include tele communions and communication networks, buildings, energy facilities, etc. (9/11 Commission, 2004).Based on statistical estimates made by 9/11 Commission in its Final Report, at least 85% of the infrastructure is owned by the private sector and is protected by a number of private securi ty agents which utmost exceed the number of law enforcement officers and agents (9/11 Commission, 2004). Private security organizations can perform civic duties in providing assistance in evacuation, food and transport in emergencies (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005).There is overly information sharing and close coordination with other private security practitioners and law enforcement agents which leads to exchange of information, access to others, exposure, training, and familiarity with the needs of each sector, i.e. private security and public law enforcement (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). There is a more creative manner of solving problems and a marked reduction in response time to disasters.There were many advisory committees both public and private institutions that embarked on studies to find out how to protect the U.S. homeland security. There was uniformity in their findings that there is deficiency of homeland security strategy, defects in governmental organization and processes in dealing with threats to national security (Parachini, Davis, Liston, 2003).After the September 11, President Bush created the Office of Homeland Security and besides established the Homeland Security Council as an inter agency coordinating body. In 2002, the legislation H.R. 5005 or the Homeland Security Act of 2002 was approved by the U.S. Congress and was signed into law by the President (Parachini, Davis, Liston, 2003).The Department of Homeland Security was established with plans and programs it is supposed to implement through he discharge of the powers and functions which the law mandates it to exercise (Parachini, Davis, Liston, 2003). Directives and orders have been issued from that time to harness the various areas for counter terrorism from state, federal and local enforcement level.The Bureau of Justice Statistics shows that there are 16,661 state, local, and county law enforcement agencies in the United States, and they employ a total of 677,933 sworn offic ers. Studies on private security staffing indicate there may be as many as 10,000 private security agencies employing slightly less than 2 million private security officers in the United States (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). These numbers can be a high-priced indicator of the extent of the large number that can assist public law enforcement agencies.A security organization has various functions, thus a security practitioner may be a director of security services of a large corporation or a manager of contracted security personnel at the place or office of a client or an investigator with expertise on computer crimes (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005).There are two kinds of private security services, i.e. 1) proprietary or corporate security and, 2) contract or private security firms (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). Corporate security generally refers to the security departments that cost within businesses or corporations. Contract security firms by contrast sell their services to the public, including businesses, homeowners, and banks (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005).Public policing on the other hand, deals with the state, local law enforcement including sheriffs offices. Primarily these officers are responsible for peace and order and street crimes and have no concern with corporate internal operations or private economic interests (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005).The advantages of private security organizations over the public law enforcement agencies are these agencies have vast resources and expert knowledge in the field. Moreover, insofar as headcount, the number of private security officers far exceed those in law enforcement which enables them to cover and protect effectively a small geographic area (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). It has been criticized for lack of certification, regulation standards, lack of rigorous pre- pickaxe recruitment process and trainings with a high turn over of officers (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005).On the other hand, law enforce ment agents are subjected to rigorous screening process before espousal in the service and the officers are subjected to background checks. They are trained and are subject to regulations. The enforcement powers given them are greater both in scope and strength. most(prenominal) of the law enforcement agents and officers stay in their jobs for a long time as these jobs are considered careers (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). This enables them to establish trust with the inhabitants of the area and exchange information. However, the downside is that law enforcement work on limited resources and budget. During heavy call load days, response time most often is delayed because of the volume of incidents they respond to (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005).The main problem which was identified in the public law enforcement and private security organizations partnerships is a weak information sharing. The private security organizations man private companies which are by nature organize for pro fit. Often, these private companies are reluctant in sharing information which may be detrimentally used against them thereby losing profits.In an interview with John Cohen, president and chief executive of PSComm LLC, he said that A number of corporate security people are hesitant to share information with the government because theyre concerned that of the threat becomes public that could impact the value of the companys stock. Businesses want to be sure that their information is handled in a way that doesnt affect them from a business perspective (Pelland, 2002).On the other hand, public law enforcement also is reluctant to share or give away information to the multi national companies who are headed by foreigners (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). This lack of trust can be attributed to the fear that these foreigners may be more inclined to protect their respective countrys interests than that of the United States.ConclusionPublic law enforcement agencies in their discharge of the ir functions have made efforts towards proper and effective policing by eliminating crime in their respective jurisdictions through the creation of effective partnerships with the community and other public and private-sector resources, the application of problem-solving strategies or tactics, and the transformation of agency organization and culture (Docobo, 2005). It is on account of this that the creation of partnerships was adopted to be replicated in counter terrorism programs of the government. Even with the current declaration of homeland security, community policing in respect of crime prevention, is seen as to co-occur with counter terrorism objectives (Docobo, 2005).With these partnerships, strategies become more philosophical as these are impressed in the mission and goals of the law enforcement agency. The public department itself undergoes an organizational transformation. The officers who are lower in rank are empowered to make their own decisions and take responsibi lities for their acts. Thus, decision-making is decentralized and officers are given a chance to tap their creativeness in problem solving (Docobo, 2005). The idea and concept of partnership and collaboration has been widely accepted by the respective sectors. It is noted however that there is a need to increase their effectiveness in order that the purposes for which these partnerships were created would not be frustrated.The goal in these partnerships is collaboration in which their missions may overlap but they come through the same goals through sharing resources and information. It gives many benefits for both sectors such as creative problem-solving, increased opportunities for training, information data, and intelligence sharing, force multiplier opportunities, access to the community through private sector communications technology, and reduced recovery time following disasters (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005).The benefits and advantages from the forged partnerships are coun tless. It is however important to address the weak information sharing between the groups. Working together is crucial. Communication lines also should be open with free exchange and discussion of limitations, scope of powers, lines of authority and functions of each sector is imperative so that an effective partnership can materialize.There must be a clear understanding of roles and the usefulness and necessity of the partnership, where leaders are identified. These leaders must develop trust for each and every sector executive considering that the weak information sharing was observed to be attributable to lack of trust between both sectors. By making both sectors fully and enigmatically aware of the roles they have to play and its importance to each of the sectors, trust may be developed.The essences of these partnerships are mainly communication, cooperation, collaboration and coordination (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). Communication refers to exchange of ideas and information while coordination requires knowledge of goals. Cooperation means sharing of personnel and resources for the accomplishment of the goal. Collaboration is ground on clear understanding of the partners goals and the formulation of policies to achieve said goals which although may overlap, strengthens the partners (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005).The Department of Homeland Security issued guidelines on how to improve the collaboration with the private sector in its report Office for Domestic Preparedness Guidelines for Homeland Security (DHS, 2003). It suggested among others that there be a clear understanding of the need to prevent terrorist acts a clearing house for received information on terrorism interpretation of this information clear definition of tactics and strategies to counter terrorism definition of supporting priorities formulation of assessment and procedures and the preparation of written coordination agreements such as memorandum of agreement between public and privat e sectors that should contain clear delimitations of scopes of powers of each, facilitation of information, and the formulation of processes and procedures (DHS, 2003).The formalization of the coordination agreement signifies the institutionalization of the homeland security collaboration. These guidelines also identified areas which private security organizations can collaborate with the public enforcement agencies, i.e. networking, information sharing crime prevention resource sharing training legislation operations and research and guidelines (Connors, Cunningham, Ohlhausen, Oliver, and Van Meter, 2000). By entering into formal memorandum of agreement or understanding, each sectors role, duties, and scope of powers are the right way delineated to fit into the priorities and policies. Such formal agreements will give both sectors direction and clarity with respect to the procedures to be properly taken and implemented.Networking refers to discussion and meetings with the private sector to thresh out possible solutions to problems as well as limitations. instruction sharing is the central component of the partnership. Information sharing includes planning for critical incident response, protecting infrastructure, enhancing communications, minimizing liability, and strategically deploying resources (Connors, Cunningham, Ohlhausen, Oliver, and Van Meter, 2000). Thus, meeting and conferences between representatives of both sectors is a must.Crime prevention also translates to terrorism. Terrorist acts may include initially lesser crimes to accomplish their goal of terrorism. Clearly, all information gathered from partnerships for crime prevention and peace and order may be very useful for combating terrorism. All information notwithstanding the absence of unlawful activity therefore must be shared such as those which involve anomalous and suspicious activities.Technical knowledge and training may be shared by the private security organizations to the public enforcement agencies considering that the latter may lack this. both(prenominal) sectors must identify legislation and assist the law makers in making these laws more responsive to the present situation. These laws should be modified if need be to be useful to both sectors in combating terrorism (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005).Both the public enforcement agencies and the private security organization may collaborate in the operational areas. This refers to joint sting operations, investigation of computer crimes and white-collar financial fraudulent activities. Research papers and guidelines may be drawn by both sectors with respect to personnel policies and standards of the security personnel. Uniform standards and policies must be made for recruiting, selection, accepting and hiring security personnel.It is also suggested that liaison officers should be carefully trained and picked from the supervisors. They should have a clear and deep understanding of the goals and objectives of the partnership. The problem lies in the selection of those for the private security organizations as it has been recognized that they have the lack of prescreening and training standards.Thus, it was further suggested that an advisory council formulate these standards so that choosing a liaison officer as a representative of the private security sector would not be as difficult as it has been (Morabito and Greenberg, 2005). In sum, the success of these collaborative partnerships rest in the full sharing, cooperation, and coordination from both sectors which may only be achieved when each of the members have reached a deep understanding of the importance of their roles and scope of their powers.By reason of the importance of homeland security and on the part of the government, it has in fact allocated a larger amount of budget to counter terrorism. Partnerships are encouraged so that geographic territory can be covered extensively. Legislation is being addressed by modifying and or by enacting new laws to support the governments call against terrorism. Representatives from both sectors must also coordinate with the legislators so that problem areas can be identified and can be resolved by means of legislative enactments or amendments to existing laws so that it can be more responsive to the needs and objectives of the existing collaborative partnerships.ReferencesBocobo, J. 2005, Community Policing as the Primary Prevention Strategy for Homeland Security at the Local Law Enforcement Level Homeland Security Affairs. Retrieved on November 6, 2007, from http//www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=1.1.4Connors, E., W. Cunningham, P. Ohlhausen, L. Oliver, and C. Van Meter. 2000. OperationCooperation Guidelines. Washington, DC Bureau of Justice Assistance.Department of Homeland SecurityOffice for Domestic Preparedness. 2003. Office for Domestic Preparedness Guidelines for Homeland Security. Washington, DC DHS.Morabito and Greenberg, 2005 Engaging the Private Sector Law Enforce ment and Private Security Partnerships, USDOJ. Retrieved on November 4, 2007, fromhttp//www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/210678.pdf.Morriss, A. 2006 The Public-Private Security Partnership Counter Terrorism Considerations for Employers in a Post 9/11 World. Retrieved on November 4, 2007, fromhttp//www.hastingsblj.org/archive/volume2/files/number2/9_Morriss.pdf.The 9/11 Commission. 2004. The 9/11 Commission Report Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, Official establishment Edition. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office.Parachini, J., Davis, L., Liston, T. 2003 Homeland Security A Compendium of Public and Private Organizations Policy Recommendations. Retrieved on November 6, 2007, from http//cipp.gmu.edu/archive/16_Randwhitepaper.pdfPelland, D. 2002 To help battle terrorism public and private sectors expand information sharing efforts. KPMGs Technology Insiders. Retrieved on November 5, 2007, fromhttp//www.itglobalsecure.com/pdf/thi rd_party/020913KPMG_Insider.pdf

Psychology of Terrorism Essay

In his article, Vaisman-Tzachor (2006) discussed the most common misconceptions regarding terrorist profiling in rhetorical psychology. True, where effective forensic profiling techniques are absent, there is no place for effective counterterrorism strategies. In this context, the profiling criteria described by Vaisman-Tzachor (2006) are particularly interesting and important when apply to psychological profile of Osama Bin fuddled.From the viewpoint of forensic psychology, and through the prism of Vaisman-Tzachors (2006) psychological criteria, forensic profiling of Osama Bin Laden should begin with the intense analysis of his personal background (age, educational background, ethnicity, socio-economic status, depicted object radical and marital status, religious or social affiliations). Contrary to traditional (and probably, outdated beliefs), the national origin of Osama Bin Laden will play important, but not the primary role in creating the picture of his personality.Of cou rse, elements such as Arab ethnic or national background are highly important in the list of the determinant variables (Vaisman-Tzachor, 2006), but psychological profile of Osama Bin Laden seems even more agreeable with the fact that he is unmarried, possesses sufficient material background and displays negative disposition to the non-Muslim society.Simultaneously, Osama Bin Laden does not match the criminal profile created by Vaisman-Tzachor (2006), where the likelihood of a terrorist act is inversely related to the age of the potential terrorist in case of Osama, his age is evidently associated with the growing terrorist experience and the increasing sophistication of his terrorist needs.Objectively, and real for many generations of terrorists, Osama Bin Laden is fairly regarded a kind of a mythical figure, who represents a messianic being to members of those national groups and social entities, who are voteless by political, religious, or ethnic circumstances (Vaisman-Tzachor , 2006), and this mythical figure works to establish closer ties and strengthen the existing terrorist identifications in his terrorist networks. In this context, Osama Bin Laden is a multifaceted image of the leader, whose criminality and respectability are uniquely have to shape the new vision of a charismatic terrorist.Historical and sociocultural antecedents of September 11 The escalation of international violence and the growing anti-American moods have generated a raise of questions regarding the historical and sociocultural antecedents of September 11. Objectively, a whole set of factors have contributed into the development of violent attitudes toward American nation, of which September 11 was the culmination in this context, the continuous political commitment to low intensity disputes and the self-declared pro-American political theory which lacks authoritarian rule and visible religiosity have get going the two most important antecedents of the 9/11 attack.In his boo k, Michaels (2002) refers to the low intensity conflict scenario, to which American presidency adhered over the course of the last decades. The declaration of anti-terrorist ideals and the deceptive need for maintaining low intensity wars in the most problematic international regions was anticipate to strengthen the military power of the linked States, and to ensure that America was able to respond to the most challenging social and military conflicts all over the world.What the United States had obviously overlooked was that the gradual military expansion might not have been favored by other nations (Michaels, 2002). Increased military spending combined with the overt rejection of treaty opportunities have formed the set of historical antecedents which led to the emergence of the new quality relationships between the two worlds the Muslim and the orthodox. After the bowling pin of socialism in the world, the rhetoric of the American hyperpower has literally doubled, and all vis ions of authority and power have since then been projected onto the U.S. (Werz, 2004). Given historically relevant anti-American attitudes, the multiplying American superiority has frozen the cultural difference between the two worlds. The social development in America has been colored with obvious secularization of the semipublic opinion and the values, which the American nation has treated as its own (Werz, 2004). Thus, the events of September 11 have come as the culmination in the growing opposition against the militaristic attitudes of the United States towards its political and cultural superiority.Psychology of terrorism In the aftermath of 9/11 attacks researchers and psychology professionals have become increasingly pertain astir(predicate) the origins and the motives of terrorist attacks. The current state of empirical research is pressured by numerous prejudices and misconceptions that have grown as a result of the overt callousness of terrorist attacks. By turning ter rorists into a group of abnormally deviant people, however, psychologists have seriously distorted the real image of a true terrorist.Silke (2004) is correct we cannot be accepted that terrorism is a kind of psychological abnormality, unless we are able to avoid bias and to promote objectivity in our judgments. It is difficult not to agree to Silke (2004) in that the differences in the current research of terrorism have become the results of our inability to explore and document primary information, and the impossible action to access primary sources of information about terrorists.The risks involved for the potential researcher are considerable. Academic researchers have been threatened, kidnapped, attacked, and shot for attempting to research terrorism (Silke, 2004). In our quest for better understanding of terrorist psychology, we frequently become the victims of our own psychological misconceptions. We still operate scarce and unclear (as well as unreliable) data concerning th e major emotional and psychological issues terrorists face on their itinerary to a violent act.Seeking sensations, we tend to neglect the role which primary data may play in developing and spreading a solely new vision of terrorism. With the scarcity of tools of psychological and sociological research which could be readily applied to terrorism, and bearing in mind an almost complete impossibility to access primary sources of data, it is unlikely that we will be able to produce a single relevant and the most objective psychological profile of a terrorist in the coming decade.References Michaels, C. W. (2002). No greater threat America after September 11 and the rise of a national security state. Algora Publishing. Silke, A. (2004). Courage in dark places reflections on terrorist psychology. Social Research, 71 (1) 177-198. Vaisman-Tzachor, R. (2006). Psychological profiles of Terrorists. Forensic Examiner, 15 (2) 6-17. Werz, M. (2004). Anti-Americanism and ambivalence Remarks on a n ideology in historical transformation. Telos, 129 75-95.

A Critical Analysis – John Keats, “Ode on a Grecian Urn”

The Romantic Period introduced a bod of writing styles. The authors of the early eighteenth century altered many of the earlier romantic pieces. The early writers primary ara of concern was nature. It was not until the ladder part of the eighteenth century that authors began to focus on the wizardly as fountainhead as nature. John Keats unique style of writing gave the serviceman a heavy(p) respect for his work. Keats felt his poetry should effect the proofreaders emotions, and only great poetry could move the reader to the even of enjoyment.In doing this Keats felt the only way to achieve his goal of moving his udience was to surrender to uncertainties, or by believing much of life is unexplain open, especially human beings, who strive on emotion that guide their pauperizations and needs. In the Ode on a Grecian Urn, the urn represents a story without regard to clock condemnation. (Bloom 16). The unchanging marble arrests epoch done the urn. (Bloom 16). When old age sha ll this generation waste, Thou shalt remain (lines 46-47), describes the unchanging marbles and the characters on the urn.With the unchanging marble, the urn has slowed time towards eternity, making artwork immortal (bloom 16). This shows the immortal side of the Grecian urn physical appearance. The unchangeable urn also displays a tale of an ever soyday place. The urn show the state with their endless deeds. Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not take out Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss, Tough winning tightfitting the goal- ye, do not grieve She cannot fade, though thou hadt not thy bliss, Forever wilt thou love, and she be fair (lines 15-20). Life is halted and can never continue from this point.The fair youth, the Bold Lover, the trees of commencement, and the season spring, can ever leave their endless deeds. Immortality of the town is shown. What little town by river or seashore, Or mountain-built with peaceful cit adel, Is empitied of this folk, this self-righteous morn? And, little town, thy streets eternallymore Will be silent be (lines 35 39). The town have got never see people inhibiting it, bringing loneliness and immorality throughout the town. These are the advantages mortality give to the living.The themes of immortality and morality can be seen throughout Ode of a Grecian Urn. The unchanging marble of the urn can be considered immortal just as the tale displayed on the urn. The fact that the tale on the urn can never change shows the disadvantage of being mmortal and the reason why morality can be better. The poem begins by probing the reader with a series of questions presented by the speaking subject. Keats consequently permits the urn to speak without speaking, to express a flowery tale more sweetly than rhyme.Keats has trouble getting outside of the answers he continually try with during his writing career. He presents a series of questions he expects the urn, or the repre sentative of the urn to answer. Scott says, the ode does not begin with the speakers enterprise to compete with the urn, but with a homage to its strange enealogy and its paradoxical powers of eloquence (Scott 135). Scott also says, Keats immediately becomes zealous with the urns silence and seeks to impose his own dialogue on the existing surface of the urn.Andrew Bennett recognizes Keats rely to enter the dialogue saying, Keats always seems about to burst into narrative (Bennett 130). He appears from the beginning to question the urn, then later adds his answers. Keats now haunts the reader at the end of the poem by questioning the nature of integrity represented by the urn. Stillenger accurately states in The Hoodwinking of Madeline, the question of he urn, Who said what to whom at the end of Ode on a Grecian Urn? (Stillinger 167- 173). Truth is related to whom we identify as the speaking subject.Someone or something is addressing the reader directly. Someone is defined as a friend of man. Keats sees the happy lover as well as the object of desire, the three boughs and the piper. The urn contains a scene ambiguous in meaning. He presents questions deep down the first through forth stanzas. He demands origins, names and meaning in regards to specified events. The unanswered questions are left for the reader to answer. Jason Muro says, the ode inscribes a sine wave, with five distinct points along its length. First, the poet is steeped in despair brought about b the worlds unrelenting flex.Second, upon entering the urn, he is filled with hope he has put in the antidote for despair. Third, he beats his hope unfounded, the antidote was a placebo. Fourth, he closely examined the urn, he embodies a bratwurst more intense than the despair from which he sought relief. The Placebo is in fact poison. Last, he embraces transient conditions of the world as an antidote to the terrors of the urn. The point of origin of Keats initial problem from which he wants to ascene becomes his point of salvation he want to climb by the end of the poem.Keats became apart of his poetry by becoming all of its characters in one aspect or some other. He is the unheard melody that is never really heard or appreciated in its lifetime. He is the tree that will never go bare, because he died during the spring season of the year. He is the bold lover that will never kiss insofar will forever love. Line after line Keats is the representative of the objects and people he describes. The happy boughs, happy melodist, and the pining lover. I believe the poet and the urn to one in the same.The question is, What was the meaning of looker is truth, truth is beauty? Stiller believes it to mean, face value, the record is false, and Keats knew this and understood this, but maybe considered it a simple, sarcastic equation that would guarantee a frivolous, superficial domain in a society consumed with whos who. (200). Keats was making a mockery of the ideal, forever happy life-style by realizing no one is truly happy no matter how thing appear to the outside world. The urn may have been representative of Keats dream of a short lifestyle. A group whose dictum was Beauty is truth, truth beauty, and were there beliefs to their end.What was the true sacrifice Keats endured within this work? Was so much of his time spent creating this fictional urn, only to inform society of his final analogy of his time on humans? Did Keats consider himself to be the Sylvan historian? Had he mastered the superficial rules to life and living on earth? Was he letting the reader in on his theory? of Beauty is truth, truth beauty? These are questions that may remain unanswered by Keats, but remain a mystery to whomever has the hazard to explore Ode on a Grecian Urn. Taking a look into to todays society, we find the same belief.Appearing to be physically perfect is the new trend. We worship Hollywood stars and try to personate our own lives after them. The media makes the world of Hollywood perfect and we sometimes have a difficult time deciphering between our world and their world. There are many of us who aspire to be like the stars yet there is a hidden message within the lives they lead. Beauty is truth, truth beauty. This message is apparent whenever a star is in the spotlight. Society believes in the reality behind the message Beauty is truth, truth beauty.We want to believe this message is the key to all our happiness. We all at one time or another within our lives have tried to live according to our favorite celebrity, just as Keats idolized the people projected on his urn. Keats life unfortunately ended before it ever began yet he was able to realize despite his heartbreak and illness, that this is almost never true. No matter how perfect things appear to be on the outside, its totally different when you attempt to put the other person shoes on and takes a stroll. In other words, things are not what they always appear to be.

Joyce’s novel Essay

The fabrications Mrs. Dalloway and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, written by Virginia Woolf and James Joyce respectively, are tales of persons who are challenged by the society in which they live. The roles conventionally handed down to men and women make elements of restraint for many of the characters within the stories. While convention dictates the actions that the characters should perform, the readers rile the impression that the authors are in opposition to these traditions.Throughout the day spent with Mrs. Dalloway and her friends, situations arise in which characters become critical of otherwises choices in a way that depicts the ideas of the narrator or author. Likewise, in the experiences of Stephen Dedalus and the other characters of Joyces novel, atomic number 53 finds that they often desire to perform actions alien to the stereotypical roles of their genders. In these novels, therefore, we find that there is no spare desire within characters for males or females to inherit tralatitious gendered roles.In fact, we discover a desire to drive a multi-gendered identity. This is important because it gestures at an identity separate from societal construction of gender. Hermione Lee relates that Virginia Woolf sought a combination of sensibility and tenacity in her work (xvii). This suggests a similar mixing of feminine and masculine qualities with which she imbues several of her characters in Mrs. Dalloway. Clarissa Dalloway has become a woman who ostensibly fits perfectly within the role societally tack together for her gender.She is the wife of a statesman and the mother of a beautiful daughter. She throws fine parties and does the traditional female jobs of overseeing the servants, visit the sick, and other things. Yet, Woolf appears immediately to intimate to the reader the undesirability of all this tradition to Clarissa herself, as she is seen at the outset of the novel going on an errand that should normally have been reserve d for her servants. Her desire for independence is asserted in the foremost sentence, Mrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself (Woolf 1).Though this rebellion is a small one and is buried in the guise of womanly work (going to buy flowers), the commercial aspect of it places her in the position of a business person, entirely as the errand frees her from the confines of the home. On this walk she thinks of Peter Walsh, a man with whom she once shared her passions for belles-lettres and freedom. Her thoughts and desires demote through conventions that dictate the subservience of women. She considers marriage in a way that seems alien to its constitution, as she imbues her role in it with the type of independence that one does not normally find in the traditional view of marriage.She explains that her decision against marrying Peter was made because In marriage a detailed licence, a little independence there must be between people living together day in day out in the same rear which Richard gave her, and she him (Woolf 5). This demonstrates the end to which she desires not to be subsumed by her cargo hold up as women often are in marriages. Continuing, she thinks, When it came to that scene in the little garden by the fountain, she had to break with him Peter or they would have been destroyed, both of them ruined, she was convinced (6). This tells what she considers her life would have been like with Peter.She seeks to add a fate of masculinity to her role by keeping something of herself and continuing to show herself to the worlda right that is usually tending(p) without reservation to married men, but tacitly withheld from women of that time. Clarissa continues to demonstrate her inner tendencies to throw off the traditional gender role and to fulfill her political and occupational dreams. During that time in England, womens occupations were limited to household-related chores. She considers other women who had lived non-traditional live s, and longs to have her life to live again so she could make different choices.The first of those choices would have granted her an occupation that would defy her gender. The narrator assures us that Clarissa Dalloway would have been, like Lady Bexborough, slow and stately instead large interested in politics like a man with a country house very dignified, very sincere (Woolf 8). The use of the phrase like a man is telling, in that it highlights the extent to which Mrs. Dalloway longs to be released from the confines of her sex. She wants to be endowed with the possibilities that attend a man. Also telling is her desire to be very sincere (8).Sincerity is not a trait that has been traditionally accorded to women, as they were encouraged to keep their thoughts to themselves (or perhaps not to have any at all). Therefore, a woman with any ideas or opinions finish be considered to have been somewhat forced into insincerity by their very act of subordination to the volition of their husband and in their pretence at never having anything to say beyond remarks about the running of the household. Clarissas urge to speak sincerely demonstrates her desire to combine traditionally masculine qualities with her feminine ones.

Lidl : Surveillance Case Study

As long as at that place has been employment, employees tolerate been monitored (Nebeker & Tatum, 1993). and as the progress of technology becomes much rapid and equipment for observe is available to all(prenominal), supervision in the reverse has become a more alarming issue and the boundaries of what is undeniable and what is an invasion of privacy argon very vague. A case head for the hills presented for scrutiny is that of the German supermarket chain of mountains Lidl accused of snooping on round.Many employers appoint inspection inwardly the workplace for a variety of causalitys such as safety, pr even sotion of thievery or misuse and per imprintance checks. The issues identified at heart this article atomic number 18 that of whether the monitoring that was carried out was necessary or whether it breaches privacy rights and has a negative effect on the employee. Although this is the main issue highlighted in the article, in that location argon legion(predi cate) an(prenominal) an(prenominal) primal problems within Lidl as an employer and an validation which will be presented and scrutinized in this es distinguish.The media pedigree of the article is The Guardian which presents the descendring matters in a very negative light. However, the merging topics I will be apply to provide impartial insight and further analysis into the subjects at hand atomic number 18 that of examine at work, morals and organizational destination. As menti hotshotd above, to further chthonicstand the article and the issues within it, it is useful to explore it through focus of breed at work.Cartwright and Cooper (1997, page 4) discuss the more modern belief of express as a persons response to a disturbance whereas Perrewe and Crandall (1995, page 5) say that a transaction between the person and the environment is tuneful only when it is evaluated by the person as a harm, threat or challenge to that persons comfortably-being. Intrinsic to job R ole in organization Relationships at work C atomic number 18er organizational Structure Non-work detailors Indivi triple Individual symptoms -blood pressure up -Depression -Excessive insobriety -Irritability -Chest PainsOrganizational symptoms -High absenteeism -High staff turnover -Industrial congresss problems -Poor quality work Figure 1 Dynamics of work stock Cartwright and Copper The model be start portrays the un resembling sources of stress an individual may acquire and the effects that these erect commit both on the individual and the organization they be a part of. In relation to the Lidl case- take apart the factors that ar intrinsic to the job include that of working conditions that arise from surveillance, such as close monitoring and restrictions (appendix 1).Nebeker and Tatum (1993) carried out examines to investigate the effects of computer monitoring on productivity, work quality, satisfaction and stress. They found that there were no signifi ass buoyt ne gative effects of computer monitoring on the individuals. This would suggest that the surveillance that occurred in Lidl would non be part of the intrinsic factors to cause stress to the employees, if there was any.However a criticism of their study was that it was in an experimental setting and it bear be argued that it is the in ecstasytion behind the surveillance and the signifi bathroomce of it in the workplace (that was absent in the experiments) that has negative effects on employees. Although stress may not occur from the surveillance itself, it put forward from the issues that arise from it such as inspection of employees coats and handbags when leaving the store (appendix 1. 1).In a real work setting the over-stimulation from managerial work can cause stress to the employee where as within manual work, it is the factors of under-stimulation such as boring, repetitive work and lack of control or autonomy that ar the source of stress (Bosma et al cited by Wilson 2004). This interlinks with the section of Organizational Structure in figure 1 Just being a part of an organization can present threats to a persons star of freedom and autonomy (Cartwright and Cooper, 1997, page 20) which is what take inms to be happening in Lidl as a consequence of the surveillance and the cultivation of the organization.As this is atomic number 53 of the things that is monitored via the cameras and then such action being taken as (in the extreme) a worker being require to go to the chiffonier during working hours creates a sense of restriction for the employees. The employees atomic number 18 faced with a very controlled environment leading to them being stripped of control and their actions being driven and monitored by managerial staff. The words of a former employee when one needs the money, one lets many things steal away (appendix 1. ) show she views the disturbances caused to her as harm and therefore Lidl could be a potential source of stress. The cultu re of reject creativity and initiative (see appendix 1. 1) that Lidl creates results as a further lack of control for the employee and no sense of belonging. As can be seen from paragraph one in appendix 1 Lidl didnt ripe monitor the employees precisely held personal tuition round their love lives and finances.Also women having to wear a headband if on their item to be ceaseed to go to the toilet can increase stress as they may not deficiency private information such as this revealed to the public. The way each individual copes with this will be different and correspond to the Cooper-Cummings framework (cited in Cartwright and Cooper 1997) if there is failure to cope there is an occurrence of proceed stress. Referring back to figure 1, Cartwright and Cooper (1997) argue that non-work factors atomic number 18 one of the sources of stress. The supporting source (appendix 1. ) states that there are almost only women workers at Lidl which means that there is a high possibilit y that they leave dual needs of work and domestic responsibilities and therefore are more exposed to the likeliness of stress (Ginn and Sandell, 1997 wheel horse and Lyon, 1992 cited by Wilson 2004) Especially as many Lidl employees are divorced, single parents it means that the domestic burden is even greater so they may be experiencing vast amounts of stress from a non-work source as well as intrinsic (figure1) to the job at Lidl.This burden could then be even further escalate by the 20 percent lower wages (appendix 1. 1) the employees receive. This acts as both an intrinsic factor as it lowers employee job satisfaction and moral as well as agrees stress from the non-work aspect imputable to having low finances and the employees not being able to support their families. Refer to a quote from one of the employees when one needs money, one lets many things pass.This fear of job loss from employees can further add to the non-work sources of stress as tensions of the job are not l eave behind and soon affect the family (Cooper and Cartwright, Managing workplace stress, page 21). Cartwright and Coopers model (figure 1) includes long hours as part of the intrinsic factors as they step up to take a toll on employee health (Cartwright and Cooper 2007, page 15). Lidl workers are pressed to work additional hours (appendix 1. 1) which will therefore cause stress to the employees and further more adding to it, they are made to do so without pay.Supporting that extra hours cause stress and stress related illness is a study carried out by Russek and Zohman (1958) (cited by Cartwright and Cooper, 1997) where they found that 25percent of young coronary patients had been working two jobs, and an additional 40percent worked for more than 60 hours a week. If the employees of Lidl are experiencing stress, which from the analysis seems probable, this could contain negative connotations for both the individuals and the organization (figure 1). Referring back to the expositi on of stress, if the employees of Lidl view the occurrences as damaging to themselves they will reckon stress.However even though the potentially ultimate reason that Lidl is inflicting the stress upon the employee is to stay ahead in the market place, these competition go neares (appendix 1. 1) could result in decreased aptitude from the employees due to the depreciation of their health (figure 1, individual symptoms) and therefore the opposite of the desired effect for Lidl (figure1, organizational symptoms). This brings us to think intimately whether Lidl as an organization incorporate morality within their strategies or erect work towards the goal of profitability for the company.In order to informatively die this it is necessary to look at it from the post of line of business lineation ethics. As Parker (1998) describes, the categories of ethics fall into descriptive and prescriptive. Whereas descriptive ethics merely explains what people actually do, perspective goe s into theorizing what people should do. Within this essay, a combination of the two will be used in confederacy with relevant theories to attempt to prove Lidl as an honest or un estimable organization and to incredulity whether the surveillance carried out is moral.However, as Chryssides and Kaler (1999) discuss, due to the subjective nature of this topic, arriving at conclusions about moral rights and wrongs in business is done with difficulty (page 14). thitherfore they argue that the possible solutions should be put to the test of agreement with the rise presented, internal coherence and compatibility with out more general system of belief (page 15). With the issue at the come in of the case-study being that of surveillance, it is wise to differentiate this in terms of ethics. There are a number of theories that can aid this conclusion.As described by Parker (1998) those that are of a deontological nature place emphasis on the rules and principles that snuff it actions w here as those that are teleological evaluate actions depending on the end result and the profit or disutility created. If we analyse the case-study from a teleological perspective the positive utility is created because of the progression of the organizations efficiency due to the monitoring. Murray (1997) mentions business ethics being a contradiction in words because if the business is being ethical* then they are not working to their full efficiency.This is supported by Aiello and Svecs (1993) research, who found that job performance on simple tasks improved with the presence of another(prenominal) person. However, because the surveillance is imposed onto the employers we have to look at the utility or rather disutility that is caused to them. As is explained above, this is significant as the consequences from the surveillance are that of control and create stress on the individuals. However, if the security has improved due to the monitoring this will create a utility due to th e safety improvement therefore making it difficult to judge whether the action of surveillance is ethical in this case.To fully be able to interpret it however, we have to look at it through the perspective of deontological theories. As Marx T. (1998) argues the ethics of monitoring should be reviewed according to the means, the context and conditions of data collection and the uses. Relating to the collection of data within the case-study, there were details of the employees love lives, personal finances and menstrual cycles (appendix 1) therefore making that aspect a breach of privacy and unethical.Ballinger (2002) found that advance notice of monitoring reduces the invasion of privacy perceptions so the fact that Lidl conducted it without the employees knowing causes further breach of privacy rights within the employees minds. However, even if they had been confoundn advance notice, according to deontological theories it wouldnt make it ethical as it is only perception that it i s moral. looking into the means and uses of it, such as to control the employees and forbidding them to go to the toilet (appendix 1), makes it seem unethical.The different aspects of the two theories draw us to an ethical dilemma of surveillance, as in the words of Sewell andBarker 2004 it is useful besides harmful welcome but offensive a necessary evil but an evil necessity (page 1). Especially looking at the Lidl case it makes us question who is monitoring the monitor and ensuring that the surveillance isnt exploited? Further conclusions about ethics can be pinched after the following section. However, as Chryssides and Kaler (1999) explain, any conclusion drawn on the topic of ethics cannot be proven definitely right or definitely wrong. some(prenominal) the stress caused to the employees, and the ethical aspects of Lidls actions can be argued to be brought on by the culture of the organization. Robbins (1998, page 595) defines the fantasy of culture as a system of shared me aning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. This is a set of characteristics that the organization values. It is possible to, through knowing about the culture of Lidls organizations have a better insight into whether the surveillance that was carried out was for reasons that Lidl stated, or to control the workers.This then gives better insight into whether the employees did experience the stress outlined above, and whether the organization is unethical. As it was with ethics, it is difficult to fully analyse and understand an organizations culture. This is depicted through Grints (1995) analysis stating that culture is like a black hole the approximate you get to it the slight light is thrown upon the topic (cited by Wilson, 2004, page 180). However, there are theories and models that allow us to get better insight into it. The most recognised is that of Edgar Schein who forms a unctionalist view to put precedent a model (figure 2) which because of the guide demarcation of the three levels makes it easier to relate to real life organizations such as Lidl. Underlying assumptions Human behaviour, dealinghip to environment Values Artefacts Training, practices, behaviour Conscious Level Core of the culture Unconscious Level Implied rather than stated openly but shared and understood 1 2 3 Observable and tangible Figure 2 Model for Cultural Analysis Schein 1982 It is Scheins (1985) argument that by analysing the artefacts we are able to gain superficial understanding of the organization.These are easily discerned but can be hard to decipher unless the individuals are asked about what they mean. Within relation to the case-study they would involve things such as having mostly part-time, women workers and the dress. In an attempt to analyse this, we can say that due to there being a uniform in Lidl, where everyone has to wear exactly the akin dress apart from the manager they are essay to make it almost robotic. This will become more apparent with analysis of further two levels of Scheins model, but in isolation of these, this dress code isnt of a significant nature.The level under is that of espoused values and Schein (1985) argues that these may be tapped into through the construction of questionnaire surveys of culture. These involve conscious strategies and goals of the firm. However, a criticism of this is that the resultant role of the survey may not be fully reliable due to experimenter bias, so we have to be careful that we are not getting false values. For example, Lidl wouldnt openly admit that their goal was just to achieve lower prices and that they didnt care about employees.This could however be implied through Lidls abomination against publicity and having low wages to compensate for the low prices (appendix 1. 1). The third, and arguably most important level, is the underlying assumptions (figure 2). These are difficult to discern as they exist mostly at an unconscious level. As Wilson (2004) explains, the unconscious forms our norms like standards of behaviour, our values and beliefs. Mary Hatch (1993) argues that the different elements of Scheins model need to be made less central so that the relationships linking them become more focal.Due to them interlinking, it allows us to view the dynamics of the organization as a whole. Applying this to the case-study we can see that due to the strict hierarchies and methods of punishment if mistakes are made (appendix 1. 1) the assumptions in Lidl are that the highest managers have to be listened to and that the individuals are discouraged from forming own opinions. The artefacts and values of the organization seem to suggest that that there is an underlying assumption of mechanization, and that things in Lidl have to be done exactly the way that they were trained to do.This analysis shows that Lidl has many characteristics of a bureaucratic organization**. Scheins model is criticised by researchers such as Co llins (1998 cited by Wilson 2004) for not being open to change and organizations. They should be subject to change as the employees attempt to forfend the rules. This does not seem to happen in Lidl due to fear of the employees losing their jobs (described earlier), the strict managers and the surveillance in place. nevertheless though Schwarz is no long-lasting in charge of the organization the culture he in unbosomed into it seems to be still applicable.This is portrayed through appendix 1. 1 as workers tell about how his presence in stores can still be felt, unchanged. As a consequence of this, the management still remains buearocratic. However this does not mean that the culture is not open to change, just that it has not occurred. This then leads us to question whether these staple fiber assumptions are actually there within the employees unconscious values. As mentioned above, it seems that the culture of Lidl tried to be imposed by Schwarz as appendix 1. concludes that in Lidl, management by pressure and fear is the approach to handling pitying resources. The ideal employees are those who have internalized the organizations goals and values and no longer require rigid control (Wilson 2004, page 181). Analysing this quote, because of the crocked control installed within Lidl through the extensive espionage (appendix 1) it is implied that the employees do not have the culture of the organization within their underlying assumptions and therefore still need to be regulated.It can thus be argued that the reason Lidl spied on its employees was to find out detailed information to see whether they were the right people to keep on and to be able to control in order to perform the goals and values of the organization. This is supported by appendix 1. 1 stating that the impudent leader holds the company in tight reins, on behalf of Dieter Schwarz. As one of the employees in the supporting article says that when one needs the money, one lets many things pas s therefore strengthening the argument above. However, looking into the idea about Fordism (Dick P. Ellis S. 2006) where the labour force is rough and the actions carried out by employees standardized we can relate it to the case-study. Although the situation in Lidl isnt exactly the same as it is not a production line, there are similarities in that the tasks are simple and can be controlled easily. This is why it may not be necessary for the employees working on the shop stand to buy into the culture of the organization in order for it to be carried through and the goals achieved. However, in Lidl, even the managers are held on tights reins (appendix 1. ) with very few given some freedom. The power of the company is also centralize therefore portraying underlying assumptions (figure 2) of questioning trust, credibility and faith in competence. As a consequence of the analysis of the culture of Lidl, we are able to make further conclusions within the ethics aspect of the essay. From the basic assumptions of the organization that, below the higher management level everything is to be tightly controlled and no room left for mistakes (which in turn means the employees have to do everything according to the rules and ot develop own ideas or ways of carrying out tasks), it is now much more evident that the reason behind the monitoring was a form of control over employees and not to pass water possible abnormal behaviour. This brings us closer to design the conclusion that the surveillance was unethical and that Lidl as a company have very few ethical considerations with their managerial actions. It also means that the culture aspect of the organization will cause further stress to the employees and therefore presenting Lidl as a very unmoral organization.As is portrayed from all the presented evidence, the actions carried out and strategies implemented lack in ethical consideration. Looking at sources of surveillance within media, the consistently negative l anguage choice reflects that the military position towards surveillance in general is that it is a breach of privacy. Especially in the case of Lidl, who do not seem to care about the human aspect of their employees and appear to just be worried about profits, the surveillance carried out was unnecessary and seemingly not for the reasons that the firm puts forward. by dint of this issue, and others highlighted in the article it seems that there are many underlying issues within Lidl that need to be addressed and perhaps a form of culture change needs to occur whilst the organization amends its values and goals. Appendix 1 German supermarket chain Lidl accused of snooping on staff * Kate Connolly in Berlin * The Guardian, Thursday March 27 2008 Lidl was accused of recording how many times staff went to the toilet, as well as intimate details of their personal lives.Photograph Graham turner The German discount supermarket chain Lidl has been accused of spying on its employees, inclu ding recording how many times they went to the toilet as well as details about their love lives, personal finances and menstrual cycles. An probe by the German news magazine Stern uncovered an extensive espionage system in its shops across Germany. It obtained hundreds of pages of documents gathered by detectives allegedly employed by the chain to find out about its staff.The surveillance took place via mini-video cameras installed by detectives. The official reason given to store managers was to reduce shoplifting. Critics have accused Lidl of using Stasi methods, referring to the secret police of the former communist East German state who kept track of the most banal and intimate details of hundreds of thousands of citizens lives. The detectives records include details of precisely where employees had tattoos as well as information about their friends. Her circle of friends consists mainly of drug addicts, reads one record.The detectives also had the task of identifying which em ployees appeared to be incapable or introverted and naive. While most incidents seem to have occurred in Germany, the most shocking one allegedly occurred at a Lidl store in the Czech Republic, where a female worker was forbidden to go to the toilet during working hours. An internal memorandum, which is now the centre of a court case in the republic, allegedly advised staff that female workers who have their periods may go to the toilet now and again, but to enjoy this privilege they should wear a visible headband.Recording how a German employee identified as Frau M spent her break, one report read Frau M wanted to make a call with her wandering phone at 14. 05 She received the recorded message that she only had 85 cents left on her pay mobile. She managed to reach a friend with whom she would like to cook this evening, but on condition that her wage had been paying(a) into her bank, because she would otherwise not have enough money to go shopping. A Hamburg labour lawyer, Klaus Muller-Knapp, say the transcripts were immoral to the highest degree and breached laws on freedom of expression.Human rights groups and trade unions pledged to take up the case. While denying any fellowship of the Czech case, Lidl, which has more than 7,500 stores in 24 countries, including Britain, confirmed that surveillance had taken place in Germany. It express the purpose was not to monitor staff, but to establish possible abnormal behaviour. It added that in retrospection the company distanced itself from the transcripts. The references and observations are not in keeping with our understanding of how people should treat each other. cum http//www. uardian. co. uk/ arena/2008/mar/27/germany. supermarkets Appendix 1. 1 Supporting information on Lidl UNI Commerce Jan Furstenborg 1 March 2004 The Schwarz Group (Lidl) There are few retailers that can match the Schwarz Groups unfluctuating and aggressive expansion on the European markets. The German retailer was number 25 in world rankings in 2002 with estimated sales of 21,6491 one million million million USD. The Schwarz Groups discounter chain Lidl sold for an estimated 15. 92 Billion Euro in 2002. Lidls sales in 2003 are estimated to reach 203 Billion Euro (22 Bill USD).As a comparison, the surrounding(prenominal) competitor and world leader among the hard discounters Aldi, which consists of Aldi Nord and Aldi Sud ranked number 11 with estimated sales of 33,7134 Billion USD. Lidl Through an aggressive price policy, Lidl tries to take market shares particularly from its main competitor Aldi. Spectacular special offers give the impression of particularly low prices, but normally they are applied only for short periods of time. Both competitors and consumer representatives have criticised the company for this approach, which they consider to be misleading and unserious marketing.In Spain, the consumers organisation OCU reacted sharply when Lidl used its name in advertising, telling that they ha d been found by OCU to have the lowest prices. OCU called this intolerable conduct. 20 Suppliers are under hard pressure when Lidl is pushing prices down. Whereas the deeply catholic Aldi-brothers become unpleasant only when there are quality problems, but otherwise are fair with their suppliers, the Lidl buyers exert enormous pressure, writes Managermagazin. 23 As Lidl is a very large buyer, few suppliers can afford to tell them off.Longer shop opening hours than Aldi is another of Lidls German competition approaches. When the Aldi stores close at 14. 00, Lidl keeps its doors open until 20. 00. Managermagazin says that this is made possible by the 20 per cent lower wages that Lidl is paying. The total amount of working hours that are allocated to a Lidl store are tied to turnover, which means that cashiers can be pressed to work additional hours without pay. Employment conditions and labour relations in Lidl in Germany In Lidl, management by pressure and fear is the approach to han dling human resources.Hierarchies are strict, and creativity and initiative are discouraged. Management demands permanent availability from the personnel, and when someone gets ill, he or she can expect a home visit by a supervisor. For years she had stood out with all of this, the humiliations by customers, the constant lack of confidence, writes Suddeutsche Zeitung about a discussion with a former Lidl cashier, who worked ten years for the company. When one was ill, one had to visit the district supervisor. After work, in her store, coats, handbags and cars were inspected. Then I came eternally without a coat or handbag, I was afraid that they would put something into them, the ex-worker said One had to be on the job 15 minutes before the working time began. On Fridays, one did often not until now know when one should work on Monday. As a punishment, one could be laid for weeks in a store which was 80 kilometres away, the woman said. The cash machines are used to control the w orkers. There are almost only women workers at Lidl, most of them part-timers, many divorced, single parents, from the former GDR. Then cipher protests.When one needs the money, one lets many things pass, says the former Lidl worker, who was interviewed by Suddeutsche Zeitung on the conditions of strict anonymity. Looking at her hands she says to the newspaper I know from what Dieter Schwarz has become so rich. A regular(prenominal) Lidl store in Germany employs between 10 and 12 staff. The cashiers, who often work part time, are compensable according to tariffs. Their wages are on average 20 per cent lower than in Aldi, where the workers have additional wage benefits in addition to the basic minimum.Not surprisingly, like Wal-Mart, Lidl goes to great lengths to keep trade unions out. When ver. di tries to establish works councils, management moves fast to destroy these attempts. Workers are scared up by management and we can only protect shop stewards says ver. di representativ e Christian Paulowitsch from Stuttgart to Suddeutsche Zeitung. In 2002, ver. di worked particularly hard to organise in Lidl. To make it impossible for the union to establish Works Councils (Gesamtbetriebsrat), management grouped the stores into more than 400 free-living companies.When the workers in seven Lidl stores in a region of Germany were invited to a meeting to set up an resource committee for the works council election, nobody came. The workers had been invited by the company on the same day to an internal pedagogy session. Instead, managers and regional supervisors sat as a threatening panel in the meeting room. The message was clear, says ver. dis regional secretary in Hamm, Norbert Glassman. Who comes, will be shaved away. When union representatives have tried to make Dieter Schwarz himself to intervene, he has let them be told that he has pulled back from operative management.A ver. di representative said to Suddeutsche Zeitung that strictly legally he is out, but as before, he is the godfather. Christian Paulowitsch says He has never yet dirtied his fingers Schwarz gave over the management of his empire simultaneously to two chief executives, but still workers tell about how his presence in the stores can still be felt, unchanged In many warehouses and many stores, he has already showed up unexpectedly, to look after his rights. SOURCE http//www. union-network. org Bibliography Aiello, J. R. , & Svec, C. M. (1993). Computer monitoring of work performance Extending the kind facilitation framework to electronic presence, Journal of apply Social Psychology Ballinger, G. A. 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