Vaccinating Children At A Young Age Raises Concerns Essay

With all the diseases and virus s spreading throughout our world, the issue of vaccinating children at a young age raises concerns. While some parents choose to vaccinate their children, others allow the human body and the immune system to take control of the situation. Over time, arguments have risen that the chemicals put into vaccinations can have harmful side effects and impacts on the human body if taken incorrectly. There are many similarities and differences seen between the two life style choices such as economic factors, the health benefits of both life choices, and the health risks of the two. All of these factors help families of today s society determine how their children will be raised medically. To begin, both of these ways of life contain health benefits to young children. However, each side benefits in a different way. Vaccinations provide a wealth of benefits for children. Studies show that by not vaccinating at a young age people become more vulnerable to diseases as they grow older. According to The National Foundation for Infectious Disease In the US, vaccine-preventable infections kill more individuals annually than HIV/AIDS, breast cancer, or traffic accidents. Approximately 50,000 adults die each year from vaccine-preventable diseases in the US (NFID, Par. 3) this quote develops the importance of getting vaccines for these serious diseases. While other people could argue that vaccines could potentially have serious side effects, this foundationShow MoreRelatedIs Child Vaccination A Good Idea?1393 Words   |  6 PagesIs Child Vaccination a Good Idea? Today, there are many controversial topics around the world that people cannot seem to agree on. One such topic is whether children should be vaccinated. As babies, we are born with antibodies transferred through our mother’s placenta. These antibodies protect babies from particular diseases. Breastfed babies after birth remain receiving more antibodies from breast milk. However, the protection from these antibodies is only momentarily in both instances. VaccinationsRead MoreVaccines and Development of Autism1735 Words   |  7 Pagesresponsible for the development of autism in young children. The rumor has caused many parents to deny their children the acceptance of vaccines such as the one given to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. Despite the fact that scientific research has conclusively disproved the claims made against immunization, many new parents are choosing to raise their infants naturally, that is, without injecting foreign substances into the childrens develop ing bodies.The new age ideals of the anti-vaccine communityRead MoreVaccination And Its Link On Autism1066 Words   |  5 Pagesrequired to vaccinate their children because vaccinations can cause diseases like autism and even death. Others feel that their children shouldn’t have to risk getting infected by a child that hasn’t been vaccinated. Many people feel as if those who don’t get vaccinated are a danger to society. The government has put protocols in place for children when it comes to vaccinations. The parents who disagree with those protocols make special arrangements for their children, so that they are not exposedRead MoreShould Religious Exemptions For Hpv Vaccination Are Allowed By The Law?1467 Words   |  6 Pagesinfringement on personal choice. While religious exemptions to HPV vaccination are allowed by the law, there is no built in policy for exemptions based on personal secular values. Some vegan families, for example, may feel uncomfortable v accinating their children since animals are involved in the research and development of several vaccines, including the HPV vaccine. Individuals against animal testing, or recombinant DNA technology (Gardasil (Human Papillomavirus Vaccine) Questions and Answers,Read MoreHuman Papillomavirus ( Hpv ) Vaccine1429 Words   |  6 Pagesthan 270,000 deaths from cervical cancer annually (1-6). In 2007, to prevent the devastation result of HPV-associated cancer, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization practices (ACIP) recommended Gardasil as a routine vaccination for girl’s ages 11 to 12 with a catch-up vaccination for those aged 13 to 26. Across the country, thereafter, state legislature attempt to make HPV vaccine mandated. As the result, controversy was generated. In this paper, we will explore three different perspectivesRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccines1531 Words   |  7 Pageshealth promotion. Vaccines play a major role in lowering the risk of exposure to disea ses. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends 29 doses of 9 vaccines plus an annual flu vaccine for children ages 0 to six (CDC, 2017). There are twelve diseases that have been considered potentially dangerous that children are routinely vaccinated against. They include: Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, Hepatitis A and B, Pneumococcal disease, Varicella (Chicken Pox), and HaemophilusRead MoreThe Prevention Of Hpv Vaccination1995 Words   |  8 Pagesdeserves attentions, consensus dissolves around how to respond to the problem. This literature review examines the background of HPV, several approaches to ensuring that HPV vaccinations utilized. This paper also compares effectiveness, for females ages 12-26, of strategies and of the only vaccination approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for long term prevention of HPV, as well as consequent diseases/illnesses. Introduction In June 2006, pharmaceutical company Merck licensed theRead MoreClinical Problems Associated With Measles Locally And At Large1903 Words   |  8 Pagesdisplacements and densities in camps. [2], creating new conditions for the spread of infectious diseases [3, 4, 5]. The highest incidence rate of 25.5% was described for Vietnamese children in Hong Kong camps where housing was cramped, consisting of large huts that housed approximately 250 refugees on three tier bunk beds [6]. The affected age group from 1 month to 39 years was described in the study and those aged from 5-15 years were the most affected in five of the eight investigations. CLINICAL PROBLEMSRead MoreParents And Public Health Nurses2594 Words   |  11 Pagesto feel confident that they are making the best decision for their child and their health. From the moment a child is born there are vaccines recommended for a baby, infant, toddler and child. Nurses will play a large role in the vaccinations of children as well as educating parents and families about the risks, and benefits in immunizing. Nurses will need to understand their own position on this topic as well as understand parents and families positions. There is a rise in controversy over the largeRead MoreAppraisal Techniques of Public Investments and Projects62994 Words   |  252 Pagesconcepts and contemporary issues. Major points are outlined and relevant details on the applications are provided. During the training, trainees should use the manual as a reference to deepen their understanding of the techniques, issues and concerns raised. Trainees can develop their own notes and observations for each module. The manual will also act as a useful reminder after training, by helping to apply what was learned. This is a training manual, not a procedures manual. Therefore

The Development And Growth Of A Child Into Their Adult Years

Throughout the decades, there have been many theorists that have contributed their ideas and proposals, in regards to what they believe affects the development and growth of a child into their adult years. Three of these successful theorists include: Erik Erikson, Daniel Levinson, and George Herbert Mead. They each studied the developmental stages throughout one’s life in their own perspectives, each proposing a new and revised theory. Born in 1902, Erik Erikson was a psychologist best known for his study and theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. He has published a number of books on his theories and research, including Childhood and Society, The Life Cycle Completed, and Gandhi’s Truth. As a student†¦show more content†¦Mistrust†. Therefore, depending on how the child is raised and treated throughout this stage, determines whether the child learns to trust the world and his surroundings to fulfill his needs. Erikson believed that although there are different challenges the individual must successfully master at each stage, these issues overlap with the issues of another level. This is because how one deals with the earlier challenges determines how one will resolve later challenges, as there is a connection between present patterns of thinking and feeling, and the earlier unresolved and/or resolved development issues. Going back to the example with the ch ild, if he/she does not learn to trust in this stage, then trust will remain an unresolved issue throughout the subsequent stages of development. Erikson’s theory is extremely important and significant in terms of understanding the growth and development of an individual. His theory helps to explain the levels of conflict that every individual must undergo, and the possibilities that may arise if the individual in unsuccessful and does not overcome the challenges that he/she is faced with. As stated in the example above, if the child did not learn to trust in the first stage, it will affect him in all the following stages, as he/she will continue to have a lack of trust in the world. Erikson’s theory helps us to understand why some people lack certain feelings or emotions, as we can now recognize that the

How does Fallout New Vegas (2010) compare to The Elder Scrolls 3 Morrowind (2002) Free Essays

Two games with a release difference of about eight years†¦both being RPGs in their own right and both having similar gameplay†¦the big question is: How does â€Å"Fallout New Vegas† (2010) compare to â€Å"The Elder Scrolls 3: Morrowind† (2002)? (from left to right: Morrowind and Fallout New Vegas) Fallout: New Vegas Review Before early 2009, I had not heard of the Fallout series. I was too busy playing this neat RPG called Morrowind, which is riveting despite the minor issues with AI and combat. Now I have a game in front of me which is fairly recent (came out in Fall 2010), and is surprisingly similar to Morrowind. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Fallout New Vegas (2010) compare to The Elder Scrolls 3: Morrowind (2002)? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Of course, the setting is different and you have many more options in gameplay. The story is that you play as a courier who tries to deliver a package from Primm to New Vegas, who gets shot by a fierce raider gang and is saved by an intelligent robot named Victor. Victor takes the player to Doctor Mitchell, where the game begins. Afterwards, you go through the character creation process which allows you to choose your character’s gender, facial features, traits and so on†¦ Sigh†¦ A lengthy character creation, don’t you think? Back in Morrowind, all you did was choose your race/gender, facial features, class and birthsign. Then, you were out into the game world faster than you could say John Appleseed. Still, you had the option to answer questions for the funny (they could be twins†¦) looking priest (pictured above, left) so he could choose your class (if you REALLY wanted to hear an old man rambling on and on about rude nicknames, mobs and sweet rolls, that is) but†¦oh snap that! Er, nevermind about the length of character generation in both games. The fact is – in both games, there is a character creation process but they are both radically different. Basically sums it up, don’t you think? After the character creation, I set out in the lovely Mojave Desert. Just when you set out in the wilderness, you get a second chance to create your character. No, thank you! I spent about 15 minutes choosing my character (yeah, I timed it†¦) and I will not spend another 15 minutes just staring at the screen and constantly asking myself the same question over and over again (â€Å"Is she a perfect character?†). Nah, â€Å"perfect† does not exist in Fallout’s books. â€Å"Good enough† is a better phrase for the term. Sorry about the mix-up. Like in Morrowind, you gain levels when you gain enough experience in your skills (some skills include Unarmed and Guns). With every 2 levels, there is a perk which you can choose. For example, you can choose the Rapid Reload perk which allows you to reload your weapons 25% faster than the normal rate. Cool, huh? After leveling up, I decided to spend about half of my allotted time to go and kill some mutant ants. I loved testing the combat system, especially with the VATS. Basically, if you have enough so-called Action Points, you can choose to shoot any part of the body of your victim. Then, prepare to watch as litres of blood come oozing out of their bodies in full HD! Or otherwise†¦you can make a nice cuppa instant coffee with extra foam. Mmm†¦ Morrowind was pretty simples when it came to combat. All you did was use your sword, dagger, hammer, club, spear, spell, staff, shortsword†¦etc†¦ to pummel your enemies. Finally, both games have quests. You can choose either to agree to help people or not. Sometimes you are kinda forced into completing the quest if the quest-giver offers you an enchanted sword or a nice gun prior to completion. Other than that, you are free to do whatever you want in both games. Both games get my rating of: 9.2 (outstanding) Sources: Morrowind images – Google Images/Morrowind Photography Guild/UESP Wiki Fallout New Vegas images – Google Images/Fallout Wikia Words – My own brain 😛 Commentary I chose to reproduce this article because I am interested in gaming and I thought that this has a large variety of linguistic frameworks to discuss. I used a variety of sentence lengths to engage the reader’s interest. The one word sentence â€Å"Sigh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  offers a pause after four long sentences with a lack of punctuation. It is also used for rhetoric effect as it is accompanied by a rhetorical question â€Å"A lengthy†¦don’t you think?† so it will leave the reader to make up their own mind and involve them in the gameplay. I use game jargon like â€Å"Fall† and â€Å"gameplay† because of the article is in the form of a blog and it shows by using the direct address to engage the reader and the centered pictures with a short subtitle underneath, â€Å"they could be twins†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This article shows an element of bias as well. I tend to mention the game Morrowind slightly more than the game Fallout New Vegas. This is done purposely because it illustrates my preference for Morrowind compared to the other game. When I am talking about the Fallout game I tend to rush through the summary of the game, using as little punctuation as I could. This is very subtle bias. Even though at the end of the article I give both games the same rating, the true preference goes to Morrowind and therefore I hide the bias by using a variety of linguistic techniques like the aforementioned one. Although, it is implied that I do not really like the Fallout game, my opinion changes when describing the â€Å"VATS† combat system, I use a lot of emotive language and show my utter amazement to the feature, for example the transitive verb â€Å"oozing†. I use the colloquial noun â€Å"cuppa† instead of â€Å"cup of† because it adds humor to the article and also, to create consonance and rhythm between the concrete nouns â€Å"cuppa† and â€Å"coffee†. I used the adjective â€Å"simples† instead of â€Å"simple† as it makes a reference to popular culture. It also adds to the sibilance of the list of weapons which Morrowind has. I added an image below the list to illustrate my point on the variety of weapons which Morrowind had. Finally, I include the list of sources where I have acquired my images. It uses the standard layout and grammar in a sources list until when I say â€Å"Words – from my own brain :P†. This is used for humor and the 😛 emoticon emphasises that I am in tune with colloquial language and modern ways of conversing in an electronic mode text. This contrasts with the headline which looks and reads professionally. How to cite How does Fallout New Vegas (2010) compare to The Elder Scrolls 3: Morrowind (2002)?, Papers

CaseStudy free essay sample

BMW’s new market strategy â€Å"Dream it, Built it, Drive it. We will write a custom essay sample on Casestudy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † entirely changed the sales of X3 even though they were facing lots of crisis. This shows the essential implementation of the new strategy to X4 which is planned to be introduced in 2014 and not to introduce for X5 because a new BMW only come every seven years so the lifecycle is pretty long, that is we can only add something when a new product is involved. Customization at BMW never have been overrated, it created more satisfaction in customer’s mind.There had always a different in the sales between America and Europe, that is out the total sales in U. S only 15% were customized and where as in Europe half of BMW car built was according to customer’s specification. Slowly SUV’s sales decreased in America. So they introduced the new marketing strategy â€Å"Dream it, Built it, Drive it. † To their new model X3 in 2010. As American’s are different from others they need to come with this new marketing strategy and installing video cameras so that customers can see there car’s manufacturing process.This turned to be big success. Also for reducing the time of delivery of car they shifted there assembly line from Austria to South Caroline. As a result X3’s sales had a tremendous increase from As a coin has two sides every good effects has bad effects also. Even though it was a success in America, not everyone was happy with the custom-build options from BMW especially at some of the dealership levels. It is that majority of the vehicles are customized vehicles because of lack of supply rather than of customer demand.Can any other dealer can order the same customised vehicle and make it the same unique value proposition by building a customized vehicle. It would be great for urban dealers. So gradually they need to decrease in the number of stock. There decrease in the production cost and increase in the profit occurs.

Violence Essays - Dispute Resolution, Criminology, Media Influence

Violence The last five years have seen an increase in the stand on violence in movies. As action movies with their big stars are taken to new heights every year, more people seem to argue that the violence is influencing our country's youth. Yet, each year, the amount of viewers also increases. This summer's smash hit Independence Day grossed more money than any other film in history, and it was full of violence. The other summer hits included Mission: Impossible, Courage Under Fire, and A Time to Kill. All of these movies contained violence, and all were highly acclaimed. And all, with the exception of Independence Day, were aimed toward adults who understood the violence and could separate screen violence from real violence. There is nothing wrong with having violence in film. If an adult wants to spend an evening watching Arnold Schwartzenager Save the world, then he should have that right. Film critic Hal Hinson enjoys watching movies. In fact, he fell in love with movies at the same time that he remembers being afraid for the first time. He was watching Frankenstein, and, as he described in his essay ?In Defense of Violence,? it played with his senses in such a way that he instantaneously fell in love with movies. . The danger was fake, but Hinson described that it played with his senses in such a way that he almost instantly fell in love. Hinson feels that most movie lovers were incited by the same hooks as himself. Movies were thrilling, dangerous, and mesmerizing (Hinson 581-2). Hinson says that as a culture, we like violent art. Yet this is not something that is new to today's culture. The ancient Greeks perfected the genre of tragedy with a use of violence. According to Hinson, they believed that "while violence in life is destructive, violence in art need not be; that art provides a healthy channel for the natural aggressive forces within us" (Hinson 585). Today, the Greek tragedy is not often seen, but there are other shows movies that embody and use violence. Tom and Jerry, The Three Stooges, and popular prime time shows including the highly acclaimed NYPD Blue and ER are all violent. There is a surplus of violent movies in Hollywood. Usually, the years highest moneymakers are violent. Even Oscar winning movies, those movies that are "the best of the year," have violence in them. Silence of the Lambs, Unforgiving, and In the Line of Fire are just a few. Even with all this violence on both the small and big screen, Hinson makes a clear statement that real-life violence is the problem, not movie violence. He feels that people fear screen violence because they fear we might become what is depicted on screen. Hinson feels that to enjoy violence, one must be able to distinguish between what is real and what is not (Hinson 587). Another essay, this one entitled ?Popcorn Violence,? illustrates how the type of violence seen in film and television is completely different than real life violence. The author, Roger Rosenblatt, describes how young children can be exposed to screen violence early on in life, yet the type of violence is so fictional that the connection between what is seen on television and what goes on out in the streets is never made. The example Rosenblatt uses to illustrate this point is wrestling. In professional wrestling there are good guys, such as Hulk Hogan and Randy ?Macho Man? Savage, and bad guys, which includes the likes of The Undertaker and Rowdy Piper. Every Saturday morning they go into the ring and fight. Its good versus bad. The show, of course, is humorous, as it is meant to be. The characters are so strange that they are comical. They roam around the ring, yelling and screaming, looking quite ridiculous. They play to the crowd, either making them boo or cheer. Occasionally, for example, if say Hulk Hogan is winning a fight, the bad guy's friends might join in and gang up on Hulk. All of this violence, and the kids love it (Rosenblatt 589). The same occurs in ?action? movies. There is a good guy and a bad guy, but the bad guy usually has lots of friends, and they all gang up on the good guy. Rosenblatt explains that sometimes you root for the good guys, and other times for the bad guys. He says that we root for the bad because sometimes ?you're simply bored with the good guys and the bad are beautiful?

An Online MBA Can Help Entrepreneurs Essay Example

An Online MBA Can Help Entrepreneurs Essay Example An Online MBA Can Help Entrepreneurs Essay An Online MBA Can Help Entrepreneurs Essay Starting one’s own business is still very much the American dream; and there are millions of Americans each year who take on the challenge of opening their own personal doors of business and carving out their own place in this country of opportunity. In some cases, these entrepreneurs have considerable experience in a particular industry and parlay that experience into their own business. In other cases, such business owners are drawing upon education only in their quest to build something successful. To this end, there may arise a need to earn a Master of Business Administration – or MBA – to help maximize an entrepreneur’s opportunity for success. The challenge may become, however, how to pursue such a degree while still working the hours necessary to get a business off the ground. Today, however, there are many ways in which to earn a degree such as an MBA – one of which is the opportunity to earn an online MBA. Through the resources provided through the Internet, a variety of colleges and universities are offering the availability of online degree programs – either as stand-alone programs or in addition to an on-campus program. Candidates for an online MBA complete their coursework online at their own leisure so that they are able to fit the program into their already existing work and family schedule. For those who are just starting their own business this flexibility can make all the difference in deciding to pursue a degree. By working at their own pace they are able to further their education and optimize their chances for success in the world of business.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 195

Assignment Example Political Advertisements: Political advertisement is a way of the political party to connect to the voters to deliver their political messages. The advertisement is a part of campaigning strategy. It acts as a marketing tool for the party (Foster, 2010). Electoral College: Electoral College consists of group of electors or representatives of the state who elects the president. The significance of such system is that the system brings the cohesion of the country by ensuring that the elected president has distributed popular support and is not selected on the domination of one or two region support (Kimberling, 9-10). Political Ideology: Political ideology is the set of ideas and belief that a group of individual possess regarding the interpretation of social and economic environment around them. It is argued that the members of public are ideological in the sense that they hold logical, coherent, sophisticated attitude. The significance of ideology is the fact that it helps in rationalizing the way things are or whether there is any better option for improving the existing social order (Jost, et al, 307). Public Financed Elections: Public financing is the way of financing campaign where the public provides money and other resources to the favorite and qualified candidates to run their office and election campaign. The significance of public financing is that it reduces the dependence on private sector for funds which thereby reduces the distortions in governmental process and public financing also encourages the qualified candidates to come forward to take part in elections who earlier were prohibited in election campaigns due to lack of funds (Levin). Attentive Public: Attentive public is a small group which is more of a representative of general public and consists of best educated persons who are interested in current political trends and are politically involved. They

Internship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internship - Essay Example A spouse in a junior position, for instance, may expect leniency and favors from the partner in a senior position. I feel that workplace romance may be an unfortunate thing since it is highly likely to compromise on my career growth. Problems that we experience in a relationship may extend to the workplace. In addition, issues of promotion and demotion may severely affect our relationship since it initiates competition in the relationship. Besides, I may easily feel jealous if I watch a workmate becoming close to my spouse. Managing workplace romance as an employer is a difficult task because a love relationship is an intensely emotional issue. To begin with, I would not make any policy of stopping workplace romance since such a subject resides within individual liberties. This suggests that employees would be unrestricted to either date or not date at the workplace. I would make a policy, which informs romantic partners that the organization would not participate in one’s private affairs. A couple, therefore, has to ensure that relationship issues do not infiltrate into the work

Do interactive media change socialisation Essay

Do interactive media change socialisation - Essay Example Interactive media have introduced new modes of socialization. In order to understand the role of interactive media in changing socialization it would be necessary to refer primarily to the context of interactive media, as a modern way of communication. Traditionally, media were used for informing the public on a series of issues. In other words, in their initial form media promoted the one-way communication with the public. However, through the Internet, the role of the media changed; this change was combined with the appearance of interactive media, a common form of media in countries worldwide. More specifically, Internet introduced the two-way communication with the public, a feature that is particularly valuable for the development of commercial transactions, but also for other activities, as analytically explained below. Before examining the relationship between interactive media and socialization, it would be necessary to present the context of socialization as an element of so cieties with different cultural and social characteristics. In accordance with Andersen et al. ‘socialization is the process by which human beings learn the social expectations of society’.... Before examining the relationship between interactive media and socialization, it would be necessary to present the context of socialization as an element of societies with different cultural and social characteristics. In accordance with Andersen et al. (2007) ‘socialization is the process by which human beings learn the social expectations of society’ (Andersen et al. 2007, p.107). It is also explained that the power of socialization is significant, being able to affect the behavior and the perceptions of people at different social levels. Socialization is closely related to the social environment of each individual; in fact, socialization is depended on the activities of various persons or groups of people, that are known as ‘socialization agents’ (Andersen et al. 2007, p.107); the most common socialization agents are the following ones: ‘the family, the media, the sports and the school’ (Andersen et al. 2007, p.107). In accordance with Milne et al. (1999) socialization is one of the key human needs – along with information and entertainment needs; reference is made to the needs of humans as members of a society and not to the needs related to the survival. In the context of their socialization needs, humans are likely to develop conversations with their friends. Interactive media changed the above mode of socialization in the following way: through the chat rooms people can discuss not just to their friends but also to unknown people from all over the planet (Milne et al. 1999, p.138). This means that anonymity is not anymore a barrier for discussing personal issues. The above alteration of socialization has been negatively criticized as setting important

Benefits of Work Psychology to Employees

Benefits of Work Psychology to Employees Is Work Psychology an Important Factor in Controlling Violence, Safety And Health Conditions In The Working Place? Boodhoo Zohyah Bibi Shaheena Introduction Work psychology refers to the study of human behavior in the working environment. The key role of work psychology is to understand the conduct of employees in order to promote the smooth running of any organization. Understanding work psychology may have a number of benefits to an organization as it focuses on increasing the organization’s productivity and also the psychological and physical wellbeing of employees. The task of a work psychologist is to study worker’s attitudes and also conduct leadership training. Workplace violence, in terms of occupational health and safety, is one of the most important problems of working life. Richards (2003) defined as â€Å"Incidents where staff are abused, threatened or assaulted in circumstances related to their work, including commuting to and from work, involving an explicit or implicit challenge to their safety, well-being or health† Workplace violence includes not only physical but also non-physical violence. For example; workplace violence includes physical assault, homicide, robbery, verbal abuse, bullying/mobbing, swearing, shouting, sexual and racial harassment, name calling, threats, interfering with work tools and equipmentWorkplace violence negatively affects not onlythe direct victims of such behavior, but also thosewho witness such violence. To witness violence of any sort in the workplace may cause concern toworkers that they themselves may face this type of violence in the future. Studies have shown that thefear of violence creates a negative relationship between emotional wellbeing and somatic health There is a certain way individuals behave in a particular situation. No two individuals behave in similar ways. There are individuals who find it difficult to handle stress whereas there are certain individuals who have the ability to face unforeseen circumstances with a smile. Employee behaviour is defined as an employee’s reaction to a particular situation at workplace. Employees need to behave sensibly at workplace not only to gain appreciation and respect from others but also to maintain a healthy work culture. One needs to adhere to the rules and regulations of workplace. Remember, Office is not a place where you can shout on fellow workers, spread rumours, criticize your Boss and so on. You just can’t afford to be rude with your team members. Be polite and speak softly. Do not forget that you are not the only one working; there are other people around as well. Some people have a tendency to have their lunch at their workstations only. Such a behaviour is completely unprofessional. Male employees need to respect their female counterparts. Never ever think of sexually harassing your female team members. Such a behaviour is unethical and not at all acceptable at workplace. One complaint from them and your career is finished. Avoid making lewd comments, physical advances or touching them. An individual’s behaviour has lot to do with his upbringing and family background. A child who has been brought up in a decent family where females are respected and thought to be equal would never even in his wildest dreams think of abusing female colleagues. It is completely unethical to steal office property. Why do you have to take office stationery to home? Office stationery (pens, pencils, stapler, eraser, punching machine, glue and so on) are meant to be used only in offices and nowhere else. Avoid damaging office property. Remember, if you do not respect your organization, you will not get respect in return. Employees need to understand that some information is confidential and should not be discussed with anyone. Never break your manager’s trust. Do not disclose your team’s strategies or internal policies to others just because they are your friends. Some people tend to submit fake bills to claim more money than actual. Individuals with such a behaviour find it extremely difficult to survive in the long run. What is the use of submitting wrong bills? Believe me, if you are caught, you will lose in your job in no time. Such a behaviour will not only tarnish an individual’s image but also speak ill of his family background and upbringing. Why do you have to use your office computer for online shopping, watching movies, paying cell phone bills, internet bills and so on? Do not store your personal photographs or information in office computer. Avoid browsing objectionable websites at workplace. If your office people have blocked certain sites, they must have done it for some reasons. Please do not try to open blocked sites using through proxy server and fake passwords. Rather than wasting our energy on unproductive things, it is always good if we concentrate on our work Today, violence is commonly observed in allraces and cultures. Violent incidents in theworkplace which negatively affect employees’health and safety present an important problem of health and safety at work. Being exposed to violentincidents at work or being a witness to violence hasa negative effect on employees’ feelings towardstheir work and the organisation. Additionally thesetypes of violent incidents can be a reason for negative outcomes in the workers’ physical and psychological health.Employees’ perceptions of organisational policies, procedures and practices directed towardscontrolling and removing workplace violence andaggression, stated as violence prevention climate, isan important concept in the effect on workers’health caused by workplace violence.Organisational policies and procedures directedtowards preventing and controlling workplaceviolence and aggression create a positive violenceclimate.According to the results a significantrela tionship was determined between employee jobsatisfaction and the influence directed to thesubdimensions of a violence prevention climate of policies, practices and unsafe practices. A study byKessler et al. (2008) determined a significantrelationship between job satisfaction and these threedimensions [20].While a significant negative correlation wasdetermined between depression and thesubdimensions of violence prevention climate policies and practices, no significant relationship was found between pressure for unsafe practicesand depression. A significant negative correlationwas determined between stress and thesubdimensions of violence prevention climate practices, no significant relationship was found between policies and pressure for unsafe practicesand depression. No significant relationship wasfound between violence prevention climatedimensions anxiety. In a study by Spector et al.(2007) a significant relationship was determined between the perceived violence climate anddepress ion and anxiety [19]. While research byKessler et al. (2008) showed a significantrelationship between practices and pressure, nosignificant relationship was determined between policies and depression [20]. The same studydetermined a significant relationship between practices, pressure and anxiety.Furthermore, the stepwise regression analysisresults determined a significant relationship between practices and pressure for unsafe practicessubdimensions and job satisfaction. According tothis, organisational practices directed towardsreducing violent incidents in the workplace (eginformation and training on the subject of violence)and there being no pressures towards unsafe behaviour (eg violence prevention policies and procedures not being ignored) play a role inincreasing job satisfaction. The stepwise regressionanalysis results also determined a significantrelationship between the dimension of practices anddepression. According to this result, the practice of the organisation giving i nformation and training onworkplace violence prevention is effective inreducing the rate of employee depression. Hawthorne Experiment Details Over the course of five years, Mayo’s team altered the female worker’s working conditions and monitored how the change in working conditions affected the workers morale and productivity. The changes in working conditions included changes in working hours, rest brakes, lighting, humidity, and temperature. The changes were explained to the workers prior to implementation Hawthorne Experiment Results At the end of the five year period, the female worker’s working conditions, reverted back to the conditions before the experiment began. Unexpectedly the workers morale and productivity rose to levels higher than before and during the experiments. The combination of results during and after the experiment (ie the increase in the workers productivity when they were returned to their original working conditions) led Mayo to conclude that workers were motivated by psychological conditions more than physical working condition Psychological Contract There is an unwritten understanding between the worker and employer regarding what is expected from them; Mayo called this the psychological contract. Interest in Workers A worker’s motivation can be increased by showing an interest in them. Mayo classified studying the workers (through the experiments) as showing an interest in the workers. Work is a Group Activity Work is a group activity, team work can increase a worker’s motivation as it allows people to form strong working relationships and increases trust between the workers. Work groups are created formally by the employer but also occur informally. Both informal and formal groups should be used to increase productivity as informal groups influence the worker’s habits and attitudes. Social Aspect of Work Workers are motivated by the social aspect of work, as demonstrated by the female workers socialising during and outside work and the subsequent increase in motivation. Recognise Workers Workers are motivated by recognition, security and a sense of belonging. Communication The communication between workers and management influences workers’ morale and productivity. Workers are motivated through a good working relationship with management. Conclusion The traditional view of how to motivate employees is that you offer monetary rewards (pay increases, bonuses etc) for work completion. However the Hawthorne experiments may suggest that motivation is more complicated than that. Advocates of the Hawthorne Effect will state that the Hawthorne experiment results show that motivation can be improved through improving working relationships and social interraction References Work-related violence: Case studies Managing the risk in smaller businesses HSG229 HSE Books 2002 ISBN 0 7176 2358 0  http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg69.pdf National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Education and Information Division  http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohp/ S. Aytaà § and S. Dursun / The Effect on Employees of Violence Climate in the Workplace  http://www.academia.edu/1477474/The_effect_on_employees_of_violence_climate_in_the_workplace Munchinsky, P. M. (2000). Psychology applied to work: An introduction to industrial and organizational psychology (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Wuang, M. (2007). Industrial/Organizational Psychology. In Discovering Psychology (4th ed.). Hockenbury Hockenbury. Worth Publishers: New York. http://psychology.about.com/od/iopsychology/f/organizational.htm

Essay --

â€Å"Promises that you make to yourself are often like the Japanese plum tree- they bear no fruit,† said Francis Marion. The youngest son of six children from Gabriel and Esther Marion was born in 1732 at the family plantation in Berkeley County, South Carolina, whose name was soon to be Francis Marion. The Marion family moved to a plantation in St. George when Francis was only a toddler so that the children could receive an education in Georgetown, SC. When Francis turned fifteen, he decided to take a job as a sailor and register as the sixth crewman on a schooner, which is a type of sailing vessel with several masts. After a voyage to the West Indies, on the trip back the ship was reported to be hit by whale and sunken. After a week in a small boat under the blazing sun, two men have died due to exposure and dehydration, while the Marion and the rest have survived and made it back to shore. Soon to come throughout Francis Marion’s life more adventurous scenarios wil l been seen and greatly affect America’s history which will show how Francis Marion receives the nickname the ,†Swap Fox.† With a disaster at sea, Francis made a bright decision to go back to his home plantation. With another disaster brewing on land, the French & Indian War was crucial for Francis Marion because warfare was seen for the first time but far from the last time. Marion mobilized into a militia company in 1757 serving as a lieutenant to defend the frontier. Taking orders under Captain William Moultrie, Francis pursued in a barbarous movement facing the Native American tribe called the Cherokees. Throughout the short war, Francis took important notes of Cherokee tactics which stressed on tools like camouflage, utilizing the terrain for advantage, and ambushi... ... appointed Loyalist militias to pursue Marion. Through no militia could stop him, he won victories at Black Mingo Creek, Blue Savannah, and Tearcoat Swamp. Still No one could touch him, Major Patrick Ferguson's force was defeated at the Battle of Kings Mountain on October 7. Cornwallis became increasingly concerned about Marion, so as a result he dispatched the feared Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton to destroy Marion's command. With nicknames like â€Å"Bloody Man† or â€Å"Butcher† Lieutenant Colonel Banastre was not the best choice to mess with, even after the â€Å"Waxhaw’s Massacre† slaughtering hundreds. Tarleton was told intelligence spilling Marion’s location. Closing on Marion's camp, Tarleton hunted for the patriot for seven hours and across 26 miles before stopping in swampy territory and stating, "As for this damned old fox, the Devil himself could not catch him."

Pink-Dear Mr President Analysis

Pink wrote the song â€Å"Dear Mr. President,† on Martin Luther King Day in 2005. The song was released as a single in 2007 and became apart of her album I’m Not Dead. The song is a direct criticism of President George W. Bush and the policies of his administration. Pink addresses the major concerns of most Americans. The song begins â€Å"Dear Mr. President/ Come take a walk with me. Let’s pretend we’re just two people and/ You’re not better than me. † By stating this as an invitation Pink is directly asking the President to listen to her opinions.Through equalizing social standings, she is diminishing the respect that the President demands, Pink is stating that she will be truthful with him and not sugar coat Tanya Kaplan Song Analysis 03/10/09 her opinions. She will tell him the truth about what everyone is thinking but no one is willing to tell him directly. She states, â€Å"You have come along way from whiskey and cocaine,† addre ssing Mr. Bush’s tainted past, which the media seems to ignore. Pink asks Mr. Bush who he prays for at night. She also asks how he feels when he looks in the mirror and if he is proud of himself.These statements address that Mr. Bush forgot to make good on his promises to help people. He had the power to change society and be a positive force for society but failed to do so. Pink then asks Mr. Bush to look her in the eye, this is a sign that she is aware that he is not proud of his own and is unable to face his own actions, she is challenging him to state that he is proud of his actions. She is also addressing the political corruption that is believed to have occurred in the Bush administration.There are many policies, that were enacted, such as political detainees, which the President directly partook in, while the policy blatantly violated the principles set forth in our constitution. Pink addresses many social issues during this song. â€Å"How do you dream when a mother has no chance to say goodbye?†¦ Rebuilding your house after the bombs took them away,† this is a direct attack on the President’s Iraq war policy. There are thousands of mothers who have lost their children in the war on Iraq; some are soldiers while others are innocent children who are ystanders. During the Presidential Election of 2008, the majority of people stated that they did not support the war in Iraq; however, when this song was written it was very uncommon to have a majority of the people not support the war, let alone discuss the destruction that we are inflicting on the residents of Iraq and their infrastructure. The media did not portray the mass destruction inflicted on the country of Iraq or report the effect that the war was having on military families.There are additional hot button social issues that Pink addresses with the President through her song. She states â€Å"What kind of father would take his own daughter’s rights away? And what kind of father might hate his own daughter if she were gay? I can only imagine what the first lady has to say. † Tanya Kaplan Song Analysis 03/10/09 These statements denote George Bush’s policy of anti? abortion, his attempt to refute the Rowe v. Wade decision and to take away a women’s right to abortion.These statements also call into question the administrations anti? gay policies. Ironically Vice? President Cheney’s daughter is gay. It is near impossible to imagine how the President can instill his anti? gay rhetoric while his second in command’s child part takes in a homosexual lifestyle. One must truly wonder what the first lady does say to Mr. Bush, when such a close family friend is directly being affected by his distorted view of appropriate sexuality. Pink also address the non? action that was insinuated by the no child left behind act.The President adamantly states that he is helping the education system in the country through this act, ye t he fails to provide any sort of funding to instill his policy changes. How can one expect to implement new policies yet not provide any funds to do so, while billions of dollars are being spent to make war? Poverty is addressed when Pink explains that Mr. Bush has no idea what it is like to work from minimum wage and be pregnant, or how it would feel to sleep in a cardboard box. She states Mr. Bush knows nothing about hard work.This is a very plausible assertion considering that his own father was the President and he was raised in a more affluent segment of society. The song â€Å"Dear Mr. President† did not get large amounts of play time on the United States radio, in fact it got very little airtime. Pink was quoted as saying that she wrote the song as an attack on the President and his administration to prove that she could and what a great country that we live in to allow her to do so. The song provides for a valid attack on the policies of the Bush administration and o f President Bush himself.

Behavioral Expectations

School activities which facilitate the learning of the students can either be inside or outside of the classroom. Nonetheless, all these activities implicate behavioral expectations which the students must meet. In-class activities include the use of learning centers and computer stations. This activity facilitates learning through the use of different sources which provide the students a better understanding of the lesson. In addition, learning centers and computer stations give the students some hands-on training, which is very effective because it adds up to the learning experience of the students.Finally, these faculties of learning allow the students to enrich their knowledge and imagination, not only limiting the things to be learned to what the teacher has said. For this kind of activity, the students are expected to use the particular source efficiently so that it may help facilitate and enhance learning. This means that all available sources, such as computers, must be used with relevance to the academics. Moreover, the students are expected to practice courtesy. They should be responsible and not be abusive to the things which the school offers.One should also be courteous to his or her fellow classmates, and most especially to the teacher and other personnel present in the particular learning center. Another in-class activity is the teacher-led activities. This kind of activity makes the teacher the sole facilitator of learning. The teacher is the one who gives the basic rules or general instructions of the activity, and lays-out its objectives. The students, on the other hand, are the participants in the learning process and they are the ones who generate the ideas, key points and values of the activity.Basically, at the end of the activity, the teacher summarizes everything the students have said into few general ideas, and sometimes asks the class to repeat them. For a better focus on the students’ attention and participation, the teacher m ay also ask a volunteer from the class to summarize the general ideas of the activity instead of simply saying the main ideas. Finally, the teacher evaluates if all the objectives have been met, then proceeds to the lesson or next activity. For this kind of activity the students are expected to listen attentively to the teacher.They should be attentive in order for them to understand the instructions, objectives and ideas of the activity. Secondly, the students should practice a sense of responsibility. They should be able to know their priorities, what they need and need not to do whenever there is a teacher-led activity which requires their full attention and active participation. Learning does not only take place inside the classroom. Therefore, schools also conduct out-of-class activities in order to let the students experience and explore. Most common type of out-of-class activities include playground time or recess.This is a few-minute break after two to four subjects to give some time for students. This particular activity is a good embodiment of learning outside the classroom. With regard to behavioral expectations, all students are expected to practice camaraderie. This is the time when they are able to socialize with one another. Therefore, they are expected to behave properly, talk to fellow classmates and create friendship. In addition, they are also expected to learn the value of sharing and unselfishness. Friendship grows in the light of sharing. Students must know how to think of other people.Another interesting out-of-class activity is the field trip. This well-planned activity is an educational trip to different places of great significance, usually held once a year. The trip intends to familiarize the students with the historical and cultural significance and influences of the places to be visited. In this kind of activity, the students are also expected to practice camaraderie. This time, the context of camaraderie is deeper because the stud ents are going out of the school into different places and are spending more time with each other.Moreover, the students must be obedient in the sense that they need to follow all instructions given by the teacher in order to avoid problems. The basic method of determining whether the students did or did not understand the proper behavior expected from them is by way of asking. After the teacher has given the activity and the proper behavior expected from them, he or she must first ask the students what they did not understand to what he or she has said. If there is a question raised by one of the students, he or she must restate what is expected of the students and expound it.He or she must make sure that every behavioral expectation she mentioned was clear to the mind of the students before proceeding to the activity. Another effective way of evaluating the students’ understanding of behavioral expectations is by definition. This is to be done after the activity has been fi nished. The teacher will ask the students to define the behavioral expectations he or she has given the class before the start of the activity. By this method, the teacher will fully know how well the students understood the values expected from them.

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage Essay Example

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage Essay Example Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage Essay Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage Essay Courage In most stories, there is always the hero whom is not afraid to face challenges and defeat the bad guy. That hero is acting out of courage. They do whatever they can to save the day, regardless of what may happen to them. This is what most people think of when they hear the word courage, but to me, it is this and so, so much more. Courage is not knowing what the outcome might be, and still going through with that plan. Courage is standing up for what is right, regardless of what those consequences might be. Courage is daring, bravery, nerve, and valor. Its facing your fears and conquering your demons. Its the strength you have to keep going when you Just want to give up. Courage is more than Just physical bravery, it is something that comes from within. Courage reminds me of the books I grew up reading where good always conquers evil. One series in particular, Harry Potter, comes to mind when I think of courage. I think of the Harry Potter series when I think of courage because there are so many characters in those books that exemplify what it truly means to be brave and courageous. Three characters come to mind when I think of courage in the last book in the series. The first character is Neville Longbottom. : Throughout the series, readers watch his character grow from this shy young boy, into a man who stands up to the darkest wizard of all time. When everyone else was ready to give up, he spoke out against Voldemort saying he wouldnt stop fghting. That took an immense amount of courage to do. The second character I think about when I think of courage is Severus Snape. Throughout the books he is portrayed as a dark and mysterious man, and readers are often led to believe he is evil up until the last book. In the Deathly Hallows, readers come to learn that Snape had been protecting Harry the ntire time. Snape had been Jeopardizing his own life to save Harry, knowing he might face a fatal death if he was ever caught being a double agent by Voldemort. This shows him as being courageous because he risked his life to save another mans life. Last but not least, I think of Harry Potter when I think of courage. His entire character is comprised of him acting out of courage. Every book in the series has his character doing something courageous. He overcomes every obstacle thrown at him, and saves the wizarding world in the end. Though I do think of these things when I hink of courage, there is more to courage than being the hero in a story. Acting impulsively takes courage. When you dont know what the outcome will be, and you still continue on with what you are doing, you are acting out of courage. Being courageous is going on an adventure, or being daring enough to try something new. Trying new foods takes courage, and so does making new friends. Courage is taking a chance every once in a while. Courage is taking a step forward and not knowing where you might end up. Courage is standing up for what you believe to be right and not caring about the consequences. It is taking a chance by facing opposition knowing you could be persecuted for it. Courage is acting in accordance stand your ground and keep fghting for what is right, though others run away. When I was a Junior in high school, kids used to always pick on this kid names Alex for being special Ed. I had never paid much attention until one day I could actually hear them making fun of him. The worst part to me had been he didnt even realize they were doing it. I ended up confronting them and the kids were so shocked that they had no idea how to respond. I stood up for this kid that I had never had a conversation with n my life because I felt it was the right thing to do. I didnt care what would happen in return, I Just wanted them to stop bullying the kid. The kids ended up leaving him alone and avoiding me, and I never saw them bully anyone after that. To me, that took a great amount of courage because I knew there was a chance they would bully me afterword, but all that mattered was that I kept them from bullying Alex. In the first paragraph I chose the words bravery, daring, nerve, and valor to say what courage is. Bravery to me is a willingness to face dangers that may come into your life without fear. In this way I feel courage and bravery can almost be synonymous. And one who has courage, or is brave, tends to be daring as well. To be daring is to be adventuresome, and to be daring is to also be bold. A daring person has the nerve to do the things others are too afraid to attempt. A daring person also has valor. Valor also goes hand in hand with courage because it is what enables a person to face a challenge or danger in their life with a firmness. All of these words relate to courage because a courageous person encompasses these things within them as well. Sometimes the hardest thing to do is facing your fears. Most people opt to take the easy way out, running away. But those people who face their fears head on, and conquer them, are courageous. They overcame something that frightened them, and that is never an easy thing to do. It is one thing to be fearless, and another to overcome a fear. If a person is fearless, there is no courage present in the first place. Courage is facing your inner demon and not backing down. Courage is strength. Courage is standing up to your enemies, and standing up to your friends. Courage is the ability to admit you are wrong, and ask what the right answer is. Courage is alking to a new person even though you have social anxiety. Courage is the fght within us that keeps us pushing past our fears, and enables us to overcome them and learn from them. It is moving forward, passing through the pit stops in your life, overcoming the obstacles, taking those chances while you still have them. Courage is knowing you made mistakes and learning from them. Courage is not the absence of fear, but the conquering of it. Courage is having fears and anxiety pushing past them to better yourself. Courage is what gives us the strength to keep going when we Just want to give up. It is the fght we have imbedded in us to overcome anything that gets in our way. It is something that comes from within us and it is part of what makes us who we are. Courage is what keeps us going. It takes courage to keep moving forward when life gets rough, and it takes courage to take chances in life. Most things in life require us to be courageous at some point or another. For some people it takes courage to ask a girl on a date, for others, its as easy as snapping their fingers. Courage is different for every person. When I think of courage, I think of a little kid who is going to their first do. And that takes courage.

Goal Setting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Goal Setting - Assignment Example A community health promotion will help improve this situation if the program sets and adheres to its objectives, as this essay suggests (Diffley, J. & Parker). In order to eliminate inequalities in healthcare provision among Philadelphians, and reduce gap between rich and poor, the healthcare providers will ensure that they offer their health services, to all; including poor and rich, thus the economically challenged patients will have equal access to healthcare. The rich have had an advantage in accessing quality health in the area, increasing poor health among the economically challenged. Therefore, access to quality healthcare will cease to base on economic status of a person (Green & Tones, 2010). Secondly, the community healthcare promotion will ensure that all the people participate in health promotion and strive toward their own empowerment. Through community mobilization, the people will be encouraged to take control of their lives, by making the right decisions in life, as the more empowerment they have, the more power they have to make decisions influencing their health. Public participation in health promotion will be ensured by challenging Philadelphians to be responsible for themselves, and take personal steps to address their life problems and improve their living conditions (Ludovici-Connolly, 2010). The third goal of this health promotion is to bring various influential partners on board. Factors of health promotion are wide, thus one party cannot achieve the goals alone, but with collaboration with different companies, the public, civil society, and private companies. Proposal writing inviting various partners to come on board will help in development of stronger strategies, and funding to ensure quality health among all Philadelphians (Green & Tones, 2010). Different obstacles have existed among Philadelphians, in their way to quality health. This community health promotion

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Resources - Essay Example This essay stresses that organization has performed a study which suggests that the companies which will concentrate their operations on online products and services, will greatly benefit in the future, as this will soon become a major means of shopping all over the world. However, it should be remembered that the level of competition online also grows, thus the probability exists that some of the online sellers might lose their money. Despite the high volumes of the annual Internet turnovers, which grow each year, it should be pointed out that the more sellers enter online space, the more the global web will be characterized by fierce competition, thin margins, higher initial start-up and uncertain environment. However, the call to join the ‘dot.com’ is still very attractive and extremely interesting for many potential businessmen who are not able to invest large finances into opening their own business. The topic of the research is the following: a descriptive correlation study of online beauty product vendors with discussing their strategies and buying behaviors of consumers. The main aim of the study is to describe the behaviors of the consumers which by beauty products online, as well as the promotion strategies used by online retailing sellers of the beauty products. In the present research there have been used a number of literary sources, which give general picture and trends on the modern global market.

Symbolic interactions on homosexuality-a sociological perspective Research Paper

Symbolic interactions on homosexuality-a sociological perspective - Research Paper Example From the US General Social Record, Smelser (2002) indicates that the debate of homosexuality is not likely to be solved any time soon. An analysis of the questionnaires filled and records of interviews, it is evident, that many people have begun embracing homosexuality as a form of living. The blatant question of whether people of the same sex should marry recorded a tremendous 78% out of the 2000 respondents interviewed by Smelser (2002). These results were categorized on the degree of acceptance, and out of the 78%, majority were those that strongly agreed on homosexuality and legalization. Though Smelser (2002) did not find out the exact reasons why the majority agree to homosexuality, he argues that majority of the respondents were completely sure of their answers. He recommends the use of theoretical approach in an attempt to investigate the reasons behind the rising cases of homosexuality marriages. This case study will undertake a survey of the theoretical approach in an attempt to understand why so many people, especially the youth are violating the rule relating to violation on homosexuality. Among the theories that will put under study are the symbolic interaction theory on social deviance in regard to homosexuality, Kenneth’s labeling theory and the sexual stigma on homosexuality as well as Blumer, Cooley, Mead, and Kinsey’s theories. Survey on the contributions of these theories to homosexuality will be scrutinized at all points of view in an endeavor to find answers on the homosexuality issue. The symbolic interaction theory According to Benard and Mahood (2006), symbolic interaction theory is one of the best approaches in the study of marriages and relationships, especially controversial ones like homosexuality, its causes and effects in the society. A simple description of symbolic interaction theory may be explained as, beliefs that are created in relation to the symbols attached to them. These symbols may range from forms of language, objects, people, and perceptions of people amongst others. The symbolic interaction theory makes an initiative of defining how people shape realities in life and the effect of these symbols in their subsequent life. Ellis (1988) argues that the symbolic interaction theory renders people to attaching various connotations to symbols in the society, ultimately, majority end up acting in accordance to their own prejudiced interpretation of what the symbols mean in their lives. Other people will not undertake research to verify their course of action rather acts on what they think and feel is right. This is evident from the verbal discussions, whereby the uttered words play the role of symbols. Spoken words have specific meanings that are sent to the receivers of the message; the sender hopes that the message that he or she intended to send is received in its totality despite the various barriers to communication. This theory, however, intends to bring to light the fact that human beings are not static and that thy have innate feelings

Book Report-Confessions of an Economic Hitman Essay Example for Free

Book Report-Confessions of an Economic Hitman Essay An enthusiastic young man on the threshold of launching his career to improve his lot is probably facing the first interview of his life. He is ‘wearing the best mask’ to project himself as a suitable candidate, but he has the genuine fear that the interviewers are clever enough to find out his real inner personality. He is worried about the serious negativities within him, but as the interview progresses, he realizes to his amazement that his dark past is his asset. His misdeeds are his trophies and medals. His rebellious disposition and discourtesy to his parents are his virtues. His possible contacts with the intelligence community relating to an important enemy country carry immense weight. A few weeks after the NSA testing, I (Perkins) was offered a job to start training in the art of spying. †(Chapter 1, p. 8) Perkins must have thought, it was better to receive without deserving than to deserve without receiving! By selecting such dubious recruits for ideal management training to run the affairs of the Nation, how secure is the future of the country? And the future of the world as USA has tremendous influence over many countries. It is in a position to pressurize them on various counts overtly and covertly. Where this country is heading for when the foundation stone of democracy and free-enterprise is in fact its headstone? Human values have vanished from the democratic framework. The values that assure the dignity of the individual and the economic freedom in the real sense of the term, without any deception, are the important pre requisites for the avowed objective of the UN, â€Å"The World is one Family. † Many specialized ‘isms’ have failed to achieve this objective. The history of the past few decades has witnessed the doomed failure of such philosophies. Only noble individuals can build a noble Nation. Only when the thought process of an individual changes, the action process also changes! When the thoughts are changed, the mind is changed; when the mind is changed, the man is changed; when the man is changed, the society is changed; when the society is changed, the nation is changed. Only such changed Nations will be in a position to say, â€Å"The World is one Family. † The pages of human history daubed in bloodshed pose a crying question. How to make this Planet on Earth heaven like? The answer is simple and direct. Eyes full of understanding, heart full of love, and the life that refuses conflicts –these alone are enough! In the paragraph cited above the negative qualities of Perkins are being awarded and the process is not going to build a bureaucracy or any type of force/institution based on truth and for human welfare. Such an agency will be utilized for subversive activities, dubious dealings and cunning machinations. â€Å"From the beginning to end, communism was never a legal action; it was illegitimated. They controlled the freedom of politic, social, culture, and economic. As the economic situation worsened, so did the people’s support for the communism. †(Article: Failure†¦)As for the failure of the ‘ism’s and corrupted versions of the surviving ones, E. F. Schumacher writes, â€Å"What is at stake is not economics but culture; not the standard of living but the equality of life. Economics and the standard of living can just as well be looked after by a capitalist system, moderated by a bit of planning and redistributive taxation. But culture and, generally, the quality of life, can now only are debased by such a system. †(Schumacher, p. 243) The need of the hour is, the administrative machinery and politics needs to be spiritualized. And that is not possible by hiring recruits to the type of training sought to be given to Perkins. â€Å"The main thing is a transformation of the spiritual climate, a new feeling for the difficulty and the nobility of being human, an all-pervasive fundamental disposition shared by everyone, and acknowledged by everyone within himself as the supreme judge. To the genesis and establishment of that disposition poets and artists, imperceptibly working through the depth and breadth of society, can make some contribution. But it is not something that can be taught and created; it must be experienced and suffered. † (Glaysher†¦. ) The problem of the day is squads of hit men are attached to departments, important ministries, defense establishments and it is they who run the administration and take important decisions in all the countries—without exception! And men like Perkins are part of such a system and after retirement they venture to write sensational books, yet again to make millions of dollars! The best alternative would have been to resign before retirement and then expose the administration. Not after enjoying all the benefits and perquisites provided by the administration and then confess the ‘guilt! ’ Perkins claims that he was threatened and bribed in an effort to kill his writing project†¦What is wrong in it? Perkins was engaged in similar exercises before. Where he was hiding his conscience then? A quote from an article, Complexity Digest, â€Å"Different (human) cultures and social groups have developed different levels of tolerance towards lying and cheating. Whereas in some cultures, being caught in a lie implies loosing face and considerable social consequences, in other cultures learning how to lie effectively as a child has a strong correlation with later success in economic and social standing in society. Complications and confusions, as consequences of not telling the truth, are considered funny Honesty, and are a continued source of entertainment in US sitcom TV shows like Seinfeld. (Honesty†¦) How true! Perkins must be recalling the experience of his first interview! References Cited: Perkins, John: Book: Confessions of an Economic Hit man Paperback: 320 pages Publisher: Plume (December 27, 2005) Language: English ISBN-10: 0452287081 ISBN-13: 978-0452287082 Schumacher, E. F: Book: Small is beautiful-a study of Economics as if People Mattered. (Part III, Chapter 3, p,243)Indian Edition Publisher: Radha Kishna, 2 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 Glaysher, Frederick: Article: The Victory of World Governance To meet that objective, the nations of the world will either have a plan or.. UNO, www. fglaysher. com/WorldGov. htm 61k Cached –Retrieved on November 3, 2007. Article: Honesty, its importance for scientific advances. The importance of honesty in science: Regulation by formal bureaucracy will not work when the organizations employing the scientists have vested Complexity Digest dated October 23, 2000. personal. ee. surrey. ac. uk/Personal/D. Jefferies/ttruth. html 23k Cached – Retrieved on November 3, 2007. Article: The Failure of Communism In Eastern Europe essays. www. megaessays. com/viewpaper/86270. html Retrieved on November 3, 2007.

International News Coverage of Developing Countries

International News Coverage of Developing Countries International news coverage of the developing world has seen a steady decline over recent years which has recently been reversed due to intervention in developing countries by western governments. The primary example of this has been the Iraq conflict. The medias focus tends to cover traditional realist issues such as the relations between states. Many of the important political and social issues in developing countries do not concern these inter-state relationships and are therefore overlooked. Diplomacy and intervention by western governments in developing countries fits this realist agenda and accounts for the upsurge in interest in developing countries, particularly in Iraq. In contrast, many of the most important issues to developing countries such as poverty, hunger and civil war are marginalised in international news coverage. They exist outside of the traditional realist conception of inter-state relations and do not concern western governments, companies, readers and audienc es directly. They also reflect the inequality of a global capitalist system which keeps the developing world in its unequal position to ensure the prosperity of the developed world. The media is naturally wary about pointing out the horrendous ramifications of this inequality to its readers and viewers. Research conducted by VSO, an organisation which works with many international development charities does not believe that developing countries get the international news coverage they deserve. Its website claims that factual coverage of the developing world is at the lowest level ever recorded It claims that in 2004 BBC1 and ITV1 showed less than twenty hours of factual programming which was filmed in developing countries. It went on to note that international news coverage of all media types was failing to comply with the Communications Act, passed by Parliament in 2003, which required that adequate space be given to international news coverage. Another study by ibt.org suggests that the amount of news stories covering the developing world increased and decreased across most news organisations at the same rates. This led them to the conclusion that news events, rather than editorial policies, primarily determine the amount of foreign news coverage They continued this theme by noting that an increase in news coverage of the developing world after 2003 could be explained by the Iraq conflict and the interest shown in it by the western media. Opinion is therefore divided about the significance of the figures involved in international news coverage of the developing world. The issue is not just about the amount of time and space given to the developing world. The nature of the coverage is also important. The ibt.org study pointed out the significance of the Iraq conflict in increasing news coverage of the developing world. However, this conflict involves governments, troops and companies from the developed world and could be seen as interesting the western media for this reason. The medias interest in the developing world is so high because it temporarily ties in with governments, people and issues which are normally the primary concern of the international media. This questions the nature of events in the developing world which are deemed worthy of attention by the western media. International news coverage can be seen as reporting issues which cover the main concerns of the countries and societies which produce them. Traditional realist international relations theory holds that the primary actors in the international system are states. Relations between states are the most interesting and most significant areas of analysis, and the history of international relations is the history of relations between states. Steven Lamy points out the importance of the structure of the international system and its role as the primary determinant of state behaviour. War and diplomacy (which in the developed world has now largely replaced war) are seen as the most important elements of international relations. News coverage of international issues follows this pattern and focuses on the developing relationships between states. However, many political relations within developing countries do not necessarily follow this realist way of thinking. Many of the important issues within developing countries do not concern relations between states. According to liberal international relations theory, developing countries are beset with issues that do not concern inter-state relations. Poverty, disease, hunger and civil war beset many developing countries and have little to do with relations between states. Developing countries do not have the same history of state relations as developed countries and the issues which concern them and which may be worthy of international news coverage are on a smaller, longer-term scale than the inter-state relations of the developed world. They often do not fit into the perceived pattern of international relations which the western media is primarily concerned with. This fits in with the case of increased media interest in the Iraq conflict. Diplomacy and inter-state war are involved and fit the realist agenda of what is significant in the realm of international relations. The issues at stake concern an international order which developed governments have a clear interest in. The conflict touches the lives of the readers and audiences of the western media, either through the success or failure of their governments, the price of their oil and petrol, or the lives of loved ones fighting or working in Iraq. In contrast the horrendous devastation which the conflict has cause to the Iraqi people is not the main issue reported by the media. International news coverage reports on the developing world but not about it. Its primary concern is the realist actions of developed states and those working for those states. In contrast to the media coverage of a conflict involving developed states in a developing country many of the biggest concerns of developing countries remain unaddressed by the western media. The many civil wars which blight African countries receive little media attention because they do not involve inter-state conflict and because they involve protracted disputes over objectives which do not fit realist principles. Poverty and hunger, some of the biggest issues affecting developing countries do not make for intensive media coverage except in extreme cases. This is partly because they are such an overwhelming part of everyday life in so many parts of the developing world. Caroline Thomas notes how a billion people in the developing world face hunger on a daily basis but the western media has tended to direct attention away from the ever-present unvoiced crises that hunger and poverty represent(and) the focus has been on soft travel and wildlife issues. Recent news coverage on the crisis of poverty in the developing world has focused on diplomacy between western governments. This again reflects the realist tendency to see issues in terms of state relations. The grim reality of how these issues concern the lives of ordinary people in the developing world is overlooked. The political consequences of this poverty are seen in terms of relations between developed governments instead of an analysis of domestic politics in developing countries. This lack of focus on the everyday problems faced by many people in the developing world can also be explained from a Marxist perspective. The developing world is seen as being held in its unequal position by the global capitalist system which works in favour of the developed world. Michael Rush notes that underdevelopment is not a stage on the road to a capitalist society, but a condition or symptom of capitalist domination. Our prosperity is ensured by the poverty of others. From this point of vie w everyone in the developed world is partly responsible for the unequal relationship between the developed and developing worlds. Western readers and viewers may wish to help out particular crises in the developing world with charitable donations but suffer a kind of compassion fatigue (and even guilt) if they are exposed to prolonged exposure to the everyday horrors that many people in the developing world face. In conclusion, the amount of international news coverage of the developing world tends to vary according to events. The media focuses on inter-state diplomacy and conflict, particularly when developed governments and armies are involved. This is well shown in the case of western governments involvement in the Iraq war and the interest shown in it by the western media. In contrast many of the issues which really matter in the developing world such as poverty, disease and civil war go largely unreported in international news coverage. These issues do not fit in with the dominant realist conception of international relations as interactions between states. On top of this these crucial issues can be seen as being caused by the unequal relationship between the developing and developed worlds inherent in the global capitalist system. The developing world deserves, and indeed needs to have these issues addressed if they are to be resolved.

Edward Kennedy Ellington :: essays research papers

The man was born Edward Kennedy Ellington; but he exists in the eyes of American culture as the Duke. He received the nickname from a childhood friend who recognized his style and debonair. That style would carry him around the country and eventually the world as one of the music world’s most prolific composers. His life began in Washington DC on April 29, 1899. Duke did not start up as a child prodigy; while he took piano lessons, he leaned more to sports in his formative years. His parents were strong role models who supported his interests and taught him how to be successful in life. As he grew up and made his way through high school, he developed artistic talent which would lead him to seek higher education in that field. He turned down and prestigious scholarship to Pratt Institute of Fine Art and stayed in Washington to attend Armstrong Manual Training School instead. It was during college that his interest in music took off. He was intrigued by Ragtime style pianists in Washington and would seek out Jazz piano players wherever he went. His earliest personal influence was a piano player named Harvey Brooks. Combined with his early teachers, Oliver â€Å"Doc† Perry and Louis Brown, Duke Ellington found the encouragement and skills necessary for him to go out and become successful . He left school to pursue music as a career and found some work in Washington with his first band – The Duke’s Serenaders. They played in Washington for six years before making an important move to New York in 1923 at the advice of Jazz great Fats Waller. In that year Ellington recorded his first record and changed the band’s name to The Washingtonians. Radio was the big key to the foundation of Ellington’s success in New York. It was radio which had prepared New Yorkers for his sound and once his band made connections with the major New York clubs, it was radio which made their sound a national phenomenon. The most important of the clubs which Duke Ellington played for was the Cotton Club. The combination of the national radio broadcasts that aired from the Cotton Club and the addition of Irving Mills as the bands manager launched Ellington from running a great band to being a star. His fame gave him the ability to develop his band and add in the best musicians from around the country.

Hidden Dangers of ADHD Medication Essay

Medication for ADHD can cause a great deal of overdose for children that have ADHD. Their bodies will get addicted to the medication when they cannot do without them. If a patient stop taking it, their bodies will shut –down and start reacting in a strange way. These hidden symptoms can cause behavioral analysis that can evaluate the effect in medication that has form in the children body. It all starts from genetics, which cause ADHD, so it can be diagnose from the medication that can help the situation. This could be a good thing or a bad situation. The real risk factor of taking medication could start at birth or afterbirth. As an infant, toddler, teenager, even an adult they can be affected. As a parents, and when they are told ,what the diagnose of their infant is, it could be hard to except, at firsthand the parents are in sock and cannot believe this is happen in their family, and most of all to their baby boy or girl. All this happen as the year goes by, down through t he years medication could cause many behaviors, and disorder within the child’s body. As a parent, one should watch all symptoms a to make sure it will not occur during the time the medication is given. Just to see, if there is any hidden dangers pertaining to the medication (APA.org). As a toddler the parent should be seeing the effect of the medication. However, if the child is, acting out, eating, sleeping, and also feeling differently (CDC, 2014). This could be a problem. Then we have the teenager, the parents should be able to observe some major behavior with attitude, which will cause hidden dangers to the brain, by the way the teenager is doing in school, different activity at home or not at home. He or she can be in trouble and the parents will not know. By now the children should be our main interests, which are under the umbrella of ADHD or ADD. Their personality can change at the ages of 6-13. At this time, there could be many transactions of behavior disorder with attitude that can occur. This can be from the medication side-effect or how it react in the child body(CDC.gov).These behavior could cause confusion, like of  understanding, and not knowing who they are. The situation can get of hand, if the parents let it go too far without checking it out. The problem needs to be dealt with as soon as possible. Especially, if there is an attitude changes that can be caused from the medication (CDC.gov). ADHD or ADD is fou nd in the family genetics, also. Which plays, an important factor, and cause the medication to react in brain injury, premature infant delivery and with birth weight, after the hidden danger of ADHD medication. These factors, can give the general public a reason not to use these medication that is effecting all ages of children that are related to ADHD or ADD and from the medication that is given to the children for ADHD or ADD (APA.org). The cause of ADHD or ADD is a risk factor, in an effect to find better ways to relate and reduce the medication that is taken so that it will give the children a chance to correct the disorder from the medication. As a parent, one should not add any problem. When they know, what the problem is, and know that it is related to genetics and from the medication. But, genetics does play an important role. What the parents does not k, now, there are hidden side effect and dangers in the medication. Such as, too much sugar, environment exposure (lead) and etc. There are many things, which are in the medication that does not agree with everyone’s body (CDC.gov). Therefore it was, said, earlier about sleeping, as adult should get enough sleep to function, a check-up regularly, an infant should get the amount of sleep that he or she needs to function, also. As, well, as an infant to an adult, see a health care provider for any health concern or problem. For an adult, he or she should ge t 7 to 9 hours of sleep daily in order to function. But, as as a adult we do not get enough rest. Lack of rest or sleep can be a risk factor for many chronic diseases condition, such as, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and depression. Can you believe it, that all of these diseases are cause by not getting enough sleep. We, also have eating disorder, which is serious also, and could cause problem later on during the person life time. It is common in females than males. It also starts during adolescence or early adulthood or during a childhood stage. All of these can come from ADHD or ADD(CDC.gov). Here is another way that hidden dangers of ADHD or ADA medication can do harm to a child and that is medication during pregnancy. It can do a lot of harm to the the baby before it is born. This will be prescription and over-the-counter medication, and  dietary or herbal products. Talk to your ( a) doctor before all medication is taken. Just by doing that, the mother can do no harm to the baby. So say, 10% of medication approved by U.S. Foods, and Drugs Adminustration(FDA) since 1980 have enough information to stop or for the reason of rick for birth defects. Make sure, if the mother was taking any medication before she find out she is pregnant. She should not stop, keep taking them. Because, if she has high blood pressure, depression she might need to continue to stay health while or during pregnancy. There can be many hidden dangers of ADHD while taken medication during anytime of the life as an infant, child, toddle, teenagers, adult, and as a elder, there should be control while taking medication at all time. References www.nytimes.com www.pbs.org www.washingtonpost.com www.npr.org http://www.chadd.org/ (http://www.firstsighs.org/concerns (http://www.cdc.gov/Other/discl

Cronica de Una Muerte Anunciado

Society should not be blamed for the antisocial behaviour of some individuals. Every society is made up of individuals with different values, preferences, goals and personalities. It is therefore not surprising to learn that some people feel that society should be blamed for any antisocial behaviour the individual might display. Before considering both sides of this issue we will define what is meant by the term antisocial behaviour. Behaviour that goes against what is considered acceptable by the norms opf society is said to be antisocial.Therefore, in most modern societies, murder, drug-abuse, violence and rape are among the behaviours that are antisocial. Should the society really be held accountable for the misconduct of its citizens? Some feel that it is unjust to blame the society because, as a free moral agent, the individual is responsible for his/her own decisions and actions. For instance in Cronica de una muerte anunciada by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, the Vicario brothers kil l Santiago Nasar to avenge the family's honour.It is a death that is foretold because they have already made their intentions known to most people i the society. As a result, there are those who blame the society for not having done anything to prevent the murder. In fact, many citizens feel guilty for having remained silent over the matter. However, who made the decision to comit this antisocial act? Who actually committed it? The truth is, the Vicario brothers are the ones who made this decision and committed the act. So should the society be held accountable?One might consider the events leading up to the murder and say that Angela, her parents, and her friends were all equally accountable. Even though she was not in love with Bayardo, her parents were taken in by his wealth. Moreover, her mother assured her: â€Å"el amor se aprende. † Her friends too, discouraged her from any thought of revealing that she was not a virgin. They also assured her that her husband would not be aware of her state, and they encouraged her to deceive him: â€Å"Lo unico que creen es lo que vean en la sabana, le dijeron. â€Å"All these factors led to her being returned to her parents in a state of disgrace, thus prompting her brothers to seek out and kill Santiago Nasar. In addition to this, the societal traditions that led the brothers to feel the need to avenge the family's honour could be blamed for the fateful events. As we have seen, even though the Vicario brothers must bear the responsibility for their actions, there is overwhelming evidence that the society, through its silence, its traditions, its deceit, and its greed, is to be blamed for the antisocial behaviour of Angela's brothers.

Mass Incarceration in the United Kingdom The WritePass Journal

Mass Incarceration in the United Kingdom WRITEPASS SOCIAL SCIENCE DISSERTATION CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING Mass Incarceration in the United Kingdom ).   The increased need for spaces due to higher rate of imprisonment   led to the emergence of the prison-industrial complex, whereby people were incarcerated without a mechanism for reintegrating them back to the society. Prisons became contracted out, and the influence of the government was reduced. As Panchamia (2012) concludes, ten percent of the prisons in the United Kingdom and Wales are currently contracted out. Davis (1998: 3) states: â€Å"while government-run prisons are often in gross violation of international human rights standards, private prisons are even less accountable†. The emergence of these prison-industrial complexes is attributed to the criminological theory, hinged on the conflict theory, arguing that t there is a   struggle between different groups (Akers 1979: 527).Crime is perceived as a function of the conflict within any society based on Marxist theory, calming  Ã‚   that social and economic situations facilitate criminal activities. This paper argues that the emergence of the prison-industrial complex in England and Wales was attributed to mass incarceration, the lack of effective social policy, and early interventions. Mass Incarceration Mass incarceration is characterized by the removal of people from communities and taking them to   prisons.   (Newburn 2002: 165). Sparks and McNeill (2009) define mass incarceration as restricting the freedom of a group of people, subjecting them to surveillance and regulation, while increasing their dependency.   According to a recent publication by Wacquant (2001), the plain aim of prison complexes and mass incarceration is to segregate people. The author goes further, and compares prisons with Ghettos. Focusing in the American context, the article highlights the impact of class segregation on the demographics of prison population. The above argument is powerful, as both prisons and ghettos are considered to be places extremely hard to escape from. The main aim of mass incarceration is to remove the criminal from the neighbourhood to ensure that they are detained. Often this priority means that prisoners are denied rehabilitative facilities (Harnett 2011: 7). As an implicati on,   prisons become areas for punitive segregation, for the criminals who must be removed from the society. Therefore, most of these prisons are detention centres where people enter   a perpetual cycle of incarceration for crimes committed because of their economic need. Davis (1998) states that prisons are not providing adequate solution for crime or social issues. The author goes further, claiming that prisons reflect that racial bias and social injustice of the society. Studying American prison population, the author states that â€Å"the political economy of prisons relies on racialized assumptions of criminality – such as images of black welfare mothers reproducing criminal children and on racist practices in arrest, conviction, and sentencing patterns† (Davis 1998: 2).   The defining features of mass incarceration are that it is characterized by comparatively high number of people in prisons. In Reagan’s United States prosecution patterns and conviction rates increased the proportionate representation of   African Americans and Hispanics,   as well as those from lower socio-economic statuses (Wacquant 2010, p. 74). This was during the New Deal and Great Society, which contributed a lot towards   the increasing tren d of   mass incarcerations, and the adoption of the prison-industrial complex system that emphasized governance through punitive acts (Downes 2001, p. 62). At the advent of economic reforms introduced by Britain’s Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, the rising rate of unemployment hit   the working class the most. With the   labour market in crisis,  Ã‚   urban areas had to bear the burden of   the high proportion of lower class and unemployed population. As social issues increased, the government resorted to the creation of a prison-industrial complex, to deal with the people that suffered most (Wehr 2015, p. 6). The newly created prison-industrial complex that emphasized mass incarceration was based on cultural bias and social injustice (Sparks and McNeill, 2009). These institutions symbolised thee society’s thoughts and prejudice,   suggesting that the degradation of a person may be a way to solve the social conflict. As a result, the British   society started to increasingly rely on   criminological theories to support mass incarceration of the lower classes, whereby the prison-industrial complexes become a large enterprise for the state. Democracy, Inclusion and Social Policy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is worth noting that mass incarceration in England and Wales led to the economic and social exclusion of people within the prisons. This segregation and incarceration endangered democracy (Sparks and McNeill, 2009). In line with the conflict criminological theory, mass incarceration of offenders who mostly belong to a particular race or class enhanced the structures of oppression and privilege (Van 2007, p. 189). This occurred when mass incarceration gave undue advantage to one group as opposed to another. Today, both in the United States and the United Kingdom, it is   evident that   people of colour or lower classes are disproportionally overrepresented within the prison-industrial complex. While the mass prison complex created privilege to higher classes, it created a situation whereby the victims were stigmatized, criminalized, and did not enjoy the privileges of democracy and inclusion. The economic and social drivers of mass i ncarceration are explained by Downes (2006), who confirms that there is an inverse relationship between a state’s spending on welfare and imprisonment rates. Mass incarceration also hindered democracy by preventing means through which people could share ideas or communication (Young 2000, p. 208). An incarcerated person experienced political disempowerment and a lack of influence, power, while he became extremely dependent on the prison complex (Travis 2002, p. 19).   Despite several attempts of inclusion, provision for rehabilitation, training, and work opportunities,   current social policies   have not been successful in reinstating the equal representation of lower classes, and the mass incarceration continues. (Reiman 2004, p. 5). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The above review of publications and research studies, it is evident that the conflict theory accurately explains the emergence of mass incarceration during the reign of Thatcher in the United Kingdom, and Reagan in the United States. Historically, the upper class, that was more advantaged socially, economically and politically created laws and policies that increasingly criminalized the less powerful, creating a policy of segregation. Increased incarceration within the prison-industrial complex removed people who were not wanted. Apart from enhancing exclusion and stifling democracy, it helped the powerful class to maintain its influence, wealth and position within the society. Bibliography Akers, R.L., 1979. Theory and ideology in Marxist criminology.  Criminology,  16(4), pp.527- Davis, A. (1998). Masked racism: Reflections on the prison industrial complex.  Color   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lines,  1(2), 11-13. Downes, D., 2001. The Macho Penal Economy Mass Incarceration in the United States-A European Perspective.  Punishment Society,  3(1), pp.61-80. Downes, D. (2006). Welfare and punishment The relationship between welfare spending and   Ã‚  Ã‚   imprisonment. Hartnett, S. J. 2011.  Challenging the prison-industrial complex: activism, arts, and educational alternatives. Urbana, University of Illinois Press. Newburn, T. 2002. Atlantic crossings: ‘Policy transfer’ and crime control in the USA and Britain.  Punishment Society,  4(2), pp. 165-194. Panchamia, N., 2012. Competition in prisons.  Institute for Government,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Instituteforgovernment. org. uk/sites/default/files/publications/Prisons,  2. Reiman, J. H. 2004.  The rich get richer and the poor get prison: ideology, class, and criminal   justice. Boston, Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. Sparks, R. and McNeill, F., 2009. Incarceration, social control and human rights. THE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY Project on Social   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Control and Human Rights Travis, J. 2002.  Invisible Punishment: An Instrument of Social Exclusion (From Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment, P 15-36, 2002, Marc Mauer and Meda Chesney-Lind, eds.). Van der Linden, H. 2007.  Democracy, racism and prisons. Charlottesville, Va, Philosophy Documentation Center. Wacquant, L., 2010. Class, race hyperincarceration in revanchist America.  Daedalus,  139(3), pp.74-90. Wacquant, L., 2001. Deadly symbiosis: When ghetto and prison meet and mesh.  Punishment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Society,  3(1), pp.95-133. Wehr, K. 2015.  Beyond the prison industrial complex: crime and incarceration in the 21st century. [Place of publication not identified], Routledge. Young, I. M. 2000.  Inclusion and Democracy. Oxford, Oxford University Press.